tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47057630230220531732024-03-12T00:45:29.346-07:00MCOM 4003 - Suzanne LanoueSuzanne's Blog for her class - Mass Communication 4003: Media Law and Ethics (for the Mass Communications Degree at Southern Arkansas University)Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-6698445331338470852018-05-01T13:32:00.000-07:002019-07-19T20:36:33.634-07:00Final Project: Hollywood Lies<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60ne6UDy8iLKQRlQLzRGp-6NoZRXXMEFG4jtGlSIoNoRCEKw43qhLSHg69aJwunG0ijx08KVuRvCrqkKAGsChlyMfVS2ItO__4l_tlBXpPwpV6eCZEATO0wbS7nfpBlW8FHJD5TZLso8/s1600/pinocchio-disney.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Pinocchio" border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="385" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60ne6UDy8iLKQRlQLzRGp-6NoZRXXMEFG4jtGlSIoNoRCEKw43qhLSHg69aJwunG0ijx08KVuRvCrqkKAGsChlyMfVS2ItO__4l_tlBXpPwpV6eCZEATO0wbS7nfpBlW8FHJD5TZLso8/s400/pinocchio-disney.gif" title="Pinocchio" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://gizmodo.com/5913730/scientific-proof-that-everyone-lies">Everyone lies</a> at some point in his/her life. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/i-study-liars-ive-never-seen-one-like-president-trump/2017/12/07/4e529efe-da3f-11e7-a841-2066faf731ef_story.html?utm_term=.f6f8c2ed7c3c">Some of us lie more than others</a>. Some of us (like me!) are not good at lying. However, <a href="https://contrarydomino.com/2017/08/salespeople-lie-professionals/">people in some professions seem to lie more than others</a>. <a href="https://lawyerist.com/lawyers-who-lie-to-themselves-and-their-clients/">Lawyers often lie, or counsel their clients to lie</a> (with the boundaries of the law). <a href="https://goodinaroom.com/blog/lie-most-frequently-told-in-hollywood/">Celebrities and their agents often lie as well</a>. Here are the reasons celebrities lie: 1) <a href="http://people.com/tv/danny-masterson-fired-netflix-sexual-assault-allegations/">to deny that they did something terrible</a>; 2) <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/slideshow/2012/10/05/hollywood-men-who-have-worn-shoe-lifts.html">to make themselves look better</a>; or 3) <a href="http://variety.com/2016/film/news/mel-gibson-interview-anti-semitic-2006-arrest-podcast-1201902552/">to put a good spin on something</a>. Others in TV and movies lie as well because they're trying to manage a bad situation, or because their lawyers told them to lie. Some of the lying is fairly harmless and may even be considered just "publicity." For instance, if a TV proclaims that their show is "The hottest new show this season," it doesn't really matter, even if that show is canceled 3 weeks later. It's just harmless hyperbole.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWshT2eSJsqK2YccQWWDq5uNRewSQiAFHma4TbUdlNQPyubteHY-oSwXZnMmfjT00UqB8XFNN7y9nYSkAP9vNeqWonDTxrrNrFm15O9Kppaz2un3YuILmwGbsG9HZcnVfTSbpWNFeyTe0/s1600/pacino.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Al Pacino quote" border="0" data-original-height="736" data-original-width="736" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWshT2eSJsqK2YccQWWDq5uNRewSQiAFHma4TbUdlNQPyubteHY-oSwXZnMmfjT00UqB8XFNN7y9nYSkAP9vNeqWonDTxrrNrFm15O9Kppaz2un3YuILmwGbsG9HZcnVfTSbpWNFeyTe0/s320/pacino.jpg" title="Al Pacino quote" width="320" /></a></div>
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Actors get a reputation for lying, in part, because <a href="https://www.wonderwall.com/entertainment/most-memorable-celeb-lies-24337.gallery">it's their job to lie</a>. Acting is pretending, or lying, to a certain extent. Then <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_promotion">they have to go on talk shows</a> and convince people to see their movie, play or TV show, or buy their book. Sometimes they are <a href="http://whatculture.com/film/11-flat-out-lies-we-were-told-just-to-sell-a-movie-and-we-stupidly-believed">required by contract</a> to only be happy, smile and say nice things about their project.. Then they also have <a href="https://whitewaterpruae.wordpress.com/2016/05/09/role-of-public-relations-in-the-film-industry/">publicity people</a> to help them with that. They're <a href="https://spiro.ai/10-most-common-sales-lies/">similar to salespeople</a> in this regard. <a href="https://spiro.ai/10-most-common-sales-lies/">It doesn't matter if they actually believe what they're saying</a> - whether they think their product is good or not. It only matters if you buy it. Remember that next time you see your favorite actor selling <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4eKYR_iL5eU">Mountain Dew</a>, or <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1eIIQ6s_u0">reverse mortgages</a>, or <a href="http://www.qvc.com/content/featured/qvc-celebrities.html">hawking their jewelry on QVC</a>. They're being paid to do this; they may be lying. Their agents and managers lie, too, to get them parts, and raises, and percentages. They call it "<a href="http://madamenoire.com/516116/dont-make-the-same-mistake-as-monique-how-to-play-the-corporate-game/">playing the game</a>."<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BPj-mMYv35RJSwHIeTyHh6fgOOAd80TZWofuU_cDFmxddsxnxtlAUalENq-Gp3hYu_MoPYOnpeE_cwP0JfQADuHAszjsyS-X9uYYBYgfUju8iERrg1bYWwfiJ0aAcMJEsVLep0CaZhU/s1600/quote-the-casting-couch-there-s-only-one-of-us-who-ever-made-it-to-stardom-without-it-and-claudette-colbert-63-73-49.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Casting Couch Quote" border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="850" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BPj-mMYv35RJSwHIeTyHh6fgOOAd80TZWofuU_cDFmxddsxnxtlAUalENq-Gp3hYu_MoPYOnpeE_cwP0JfQADuHAszjsyS-X9uYYBYgfUju8iERrg1bYWwfiJ0aAcMJEsVLep0CaZhU/s400/quote-the-casting-couch-there-s-only-one-of-us-who-ever-made-it-to-stardom-without-it-and-claudette-colbert-63-73-49.jpg" title="Casting Couch Quote" width="400" /></a></div>
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Some lies do matter more than others, which is what we're seeing lately with the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/02/27/hollywoods-greatest-betrayal-how-sexual-predators-used-their-power-to-operate-in-plain-sight/">stories about sexual predators</a>. These stories are <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sexual+harassment&num=50&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL9YqR4uXaAhXqwlQKHUT3CXkQ_AUICigB&biw=1600&bih=695">happening in all walks of life</a>, but we hear more <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2017/12/sexual-misconduct-allegations-all-films-shows-altered.html">about the ones happening in TV and movies</a>. <a href="http://variety.com/2017/film/features/casting-couch-hollywood-sexual-harassment-harvey-weinstein-1202589895/">For decades, people in Hollywood covered up all of the rapes and sexual harassment that women faced constantly, even though we'd all heard about the "casting couch" for years</a>. The cover-up is not working so much now. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWIdt4Y3UbQ">Video</a> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS4tvfPnahZpOS1cVWxuaviBaaKDAYc4Ffjm11FuzEPP4_ERPgbEIcC91ok_O5KBEohZk4GGjsM0nci3w2pt8Bjey2Acu5nOSlGUy74DRYLBtvZdth2HGk9tt26Z5hLP4eL6S97Vz__xE/s1600/CSA_Shareable-01-600-600x320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="1 in 5 women is a target of sexual assault while in college" border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS4tvfPnahZpOS1cVWxuaviBaaKDAYc4Ffjm11FuzEPP4_ERPgbEIcC91ok_O5KBEohZk4GGjsM0nci3w2pt8Bjey2Acu5nOSlGUy74DRYLBtvZdth2HGk9tt26Z5hLP4eL6S97Vz__xE/s400/CSA_Shareable-01-600-600x320.jpg" title="1 in 5 women is a target of sexual assault while in college" width="400" /></a></div>
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I can say confidently that <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/25/health/sexual-harassment-violence-abuse-global-levels/index.html">almost every woman in the world has faced some sort of sexual harassment (usually physical), abuse or assault</a>. This is not something I need to even check because I know it, from talking to all of my friends over the years, and reading news stories, blogs, etc. It's just something that comes from being a woman, especially if you were around before this century. I hope that <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/how-to-raise-boys-not-predators_us_5a202311e4b064ca3c15129e">younger men</a> are being taught not to be predators and that <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2017/11/06/millennials-vs-genx-vs-boomers-sexual-harassment-they-different/814056001/">young women are being taught to speak up more</a>, but I don't know if that's the case or not. This behavior is just something that we all know, just like we know that there <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_while_black">aren't too many African Americans that haven't been bullied, harassed or assaulted by authority figures</a> (usually multiple times). And yes, I'm deliberately being vague here.I will add, also vaguely, that I have had some of these things happen to me. I don't want to reveal too much private information here in my class blog, so I'll leave it at that. 😉 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgGJdrgL_J0">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZrNec2RHZk_Mbactfk7rCLB6o1kio9G6qTQTUIs9LtjECMw3SVdMis8vT9zWwfKyY6SWMJyJsQfvgnCm433Zp_59wNRCqui0RSB0k3A8rHVd1dFp0Aoua_Zp96oY_NL8O2eapTR10cog/s1600/scandals.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="celebrities of the past accused of sexual assault" border="0" data-original-height="233" data-original-width="612" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZrNec2RHZk_Mbactfk7rCLB6o1kio9G6qTQTUIs9LtjECMw3SVdMis8vT9zWwfKyY6SWMJyJsQfvgnCm433Zp_59wNRCqui0RSB0k3A8rHVd1dFp0Aoua_Zp96oY_NL8O2eapTR10cog/s400/scandals.png" title="celebrities of the past accused of sexual assault" width="400" /></a></div>
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Back to Hollywood. There have been "<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/41615885/a-history-of-hollywood-sex-scandals">Hollywood sex scandals</a>" dating way back to the 1920's. Usually these stories <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/1999/02/david-kamp-tabloid-decade">get out to the tabloids</a>; sometimes they don't reach mainstream news, unless a case goes to trial. It's not just the people who work in TV and movies that ignore them or cover them up, but sometimes also <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/12/16/camille-cosbys-sad-request-to-the-press/?utm_term=.67bdbc1d0c1e">the press</a> or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/15/nyregion/harvey-weinstein-new-york-sex-assault-investigation.html">the police</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqnWyNLBsT7WkCrGl9X0BjcF0DeqM-RfwfAzG2BAsbUuxiaX1MgYOO6xxEifth9ynOFMlBfU_xL70aGs2bk2TcK4Cr5S3hcY9KRzjh60fmr2Tz_Hp-grAEl9tF3Qd9SdDzJyn6z7zw0rs/s1600/timesuplead.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="820" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqnWyNLBsT7WkCrGl9X0BjcF0DeqM-RfwfAzG2BAsbUuxiaX1MgYOO6xxEifth9ynOFMlBfU_xL70aGs2bk2TcK4Cr5S3hcY9KRzjh60fmr2Tz_Hp-grAEl9tF3Qd9SdDzJyn6z7zw0rs/s320/timesuplead.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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More of these incidents have been in the news recently because of <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/26/the-weinstein-ripple-effect-famous-men-accused-of-sexual-harassment-and-assault.html">several high profile cases</a>. Partly it's because <a href="https://www.everydayhealth.com/emotional-health/celebrities-who-have-gone-public-about-sexual-harassment-workplace/">celebrity women are finally coming forth</a>; partly it's because people are believing them more; and partly it's because of social media and traditional media. <a href="http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/21/pf/sexual-harassment-tipping-point/index.html">It's really a combination of all of these things</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UY0Xl0YpM09-z2cPY05xpNkZhQRgBrEfultNvXBClYdUgDWD9ErUE59SpuD2UZ29e8gDTA8W_1PQg5TMEN_HIJCQ3cjfHFSMfIYCJwZIRSVGYpKnrtSKvzrodwu0dA60nW0mCWpQXJU/s1600/rapefacts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Just the Rape Facts" border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="350" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UY0Xl0YpM09-z2cPY05xpNkZhQRgBrEfultNvXBClYdUgDWD9ErUE59SpuD2UZ29e8gDTA8W_1PQg5TMEN_HIJCQ3cjfHFSMfIYCJwZIRSVGYpKnrtSKvzrodwu0dA60nW0mCWpQXJU/s320/rapefacts.jpg" title="Just the Rape Facts" width="297" /></a></div>
Anyone who knows me, especially online, knows that I don't mind a <a href="https://thebestschools.org/magazine/15-logical-fallacies-know/">good argument</a>, especially when it's about something I believe in. However, I never argue without first <a href="https://www.realsimple.com/work-life/technology/fact-check-internet">looking up the facts</a>. You just look stupid if you have an argument online without backing it up (it's surprising how many people do that, when it's so easy to look things up on <a href="http://google.com/">Google</a> or <a href="http://wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a>). I've had many arguments online with people on <a href="https://twitter.com/slanoue2016">Twitter</a> and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/suzannel">Facebook</a> about rape and assault, so I've done quite a bit of research about it. Here are <a href="https://www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence">some rape facts</a>. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaD6DuoCUsw">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMBsZD-DLw4668Fj-16E3kABpgGVtWbtCP_jn5L2P45RWPYW17mJJGRdy7VXXCfxLSjttcjjLShmSyQf_a7D2hzUvyqmOI12FxwJeBVNa-cDyPmmyu3rpT75e-Kk9u62zhAGMV0AnaUjA/s1600/rapereporting.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="rape non-reporting reasons" border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="630" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMBsZD-DLw4668Fj-16E3kABpgGVtWbtCP_jn5L2P45RWPYW17mJJGRdy7VXXCfxLSjttcjjLShmSyQf_a7D2hzUvyqmOI12FxwJeBVNa-cDyPmmyu3rpT75e-Kk9u62zhAGMV0AnaUjA/s400/rapereporting.png" title="rape non-reporting reasons" width="400" /></a></div>
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The people on the other side who argue with me try to claim that a lot of women make up rape charges, which just isn't true. Most don't. <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/maan/cgi-bin/?page_id=297">The FBI maintains violent crime statistics and says that only about 2% of rapes are made up</a>. Of course, this only accounts for the rapes reported. <a href="https://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/Pages/rape-notification.aspx">We know that only about a third of rapes are reported</a>. The reason for both is the same: <a href="https://ocrsm.umd.edu/files/Why-Is-Sexual-Assault-Under-Reported.pdf">rape victims risk a lot</a>. Many people don't believe them or <a href="http://www.southernct.edu/sexual-misconduct/facts.html">blame them</a>, or try to <a href="http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/hell-be-famous-for-being-a-rapist-the-rise-of-rape-shaming/news-story/9581d4ab95c7053a9d3ae4dc58aabcca?from=rss-basic">shame them</a>. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/police-slut-shame-rape-sex-assault-nypd-district-attorney-investigation-688796">The police and lawyers often are not very sympathetic</a> and grill them about what happened (although <a href="http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/jhamlin/3925/Readings/PoliceRape.html">this is changing</a> as police departments have more officers specially trained to handle rape victims more sensitively). They have to <a href="http://www.icty.org/en/features/crimes-sexual-violence/reliving-past">relive what they went through</a>, over and over. They may face threats from either their rapist or other people in their community (particularly if their rapist is someone they know). <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-compassion-chronicles/201711/why-dont-victims-sexual-harassment-come-forward-sooner">They may risk their job, their family and their reputation</a>. Also, it's <a href="https://www.vaughancjones.com/richmond-criminal-defense-blog/2014/november/five-reasons-why-prosecutors-find-it-hard-to-pro/">hard to prove rape in court</a>, even if there's physical evidence. Lastly, with the <a href="http://www.endthebacklog.org/backlog/what-rape-kit-backlog">backlog of cases</a>, along with the attitudes that many police have about rape, many of the rape kits go untested, which means there is no case and no arrest. When you look at all that, it makes sense why many women don't report the assault, and why very few would make it up. If the perpetrator is a celebrity, then you have additional press coverage of the accusation, which can make it even more difficult to press charges. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_b1SbbSu6Y">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcHGl5Yz5ztMTvOhrFT5xLRg4Hv1rXPCCYiTDSZetflx4EVdHfQNBZ4cyHp9BVLTlYYAo0vkPWsu_EcK_MCU9sxHvxLwCClUMVfdjo3-2m9y__zRDNr0Rj7rK2aiMenjuYOL5fi9V4mA0/s1600/BILL-COSBY-ACCUSER-MONTAGE-618.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Cosby and some of his accusers" border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="618" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcHGl5Yz5ztMTvOhrFT5xLRg4Hv1rXPCCYiTDSZetflx4EVdHfQNBZ4cyHp9BVLTlYYAo0vkPWsu_EcK_MCU9sxHvxLwCClUMVfdjo3-2m9y__zRDNr0Rj7rK2aiMenjuYOL5fi9V4mA0/s400/BILL-COSBY-ACCUSER-MONTAGE-618.jpg" title="Cosby and some of his accusers" width="400" /></a></div>
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First, let's look at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Cosby_sexual_assault_cases">Cosby rape accusations</a>. <a href="https://www.thewrap.com/60-bill-cosby-accusers-complete-list-breakdown-guilty/">60 women accused him of rape</a>. While <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Cosby_sexual_assault_cases">some people are still defending him</a>, most realize it's <a href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-bill-cosby-timeline-htmlstory.html">pretty unlikely that 60 women are lying about this</a>. Some of them date back to the 1960's, when he starred in "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gdZf4hVvU8">I Spy</a>." Why didn't more of the women report that he drugged and raped them? <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/stress-is-laughing-matter/201412/about-bill-cosby-why-did-the-women-wait-so-long">There were many reasons</a>. <a href="https://www.thewrap.com/60-bill-cosby-accusers-complete-list-breakdown-guilty/">Some of them did report it to their bosses or colleagues, but they were told not to pursue it.</a> <a href="https://thinkprogress.org/the-reckoning-of-bill-cosby-5fac573b6b52/">Cosby also lied to the women and said they just had too much to drink</a>, so some of them believed that, or they were unsure. <a href="https://www.thewrap.com/60-bill-cosby-accusers-complete-list-breakdown-guilty/">You can be sure that most were worried that it would affect their careers</a>. This may seem like a selfish attitude, but people are allowed to be selfish, <a href="http://fortune.com/sexual-harrassment-victims-job-aftermath/">particularly when it comes to their livelihoods</a>. <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/bill-cosby-conviction-trial-sexual-assault-the-cosby-show-america-family-man-a8324501.html">Cosby was rich, powerful and popular</a>. He could really <a href="https://www.insideedition.com/headlines/12189-former-mrs-america-bill-cosby-said-hed-ruin-my-career-if-i-didnt-have-sex">ruin these women's careers</a>. <a href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/01/12/opinion-sexual-harassment-and-coming-of-age-in-the-60s/">Reputation meant a lot back then, too</a>. Another reason some didn't report it was shame. Women were taught back then that if something happened to them it was because they were not being careful, or they were not acting like ladies. Cosby threatened some of the women and made promises to help others' careers. He did whatever worked, I guess. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGyFDTHU1_A">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_JKZ0u8xxIbaY3zwMPcPScaSoBALtgAX39uBKQbdxtucVs3x8sYd-kSPOa2-EydGsp3sepHObH83PptUdt58drgSYrzHALSbS5DHpuuJagzj94bjlTbgZ2Nx_Ov6pDuF5D2yIY899i90/s1600/constand.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Cosby and Constand" border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="960" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_JKZ0u8xxIbaY3zwMPcPScaSoBALtgAX39uBKQbdxtucVs3x8sYd-kSPOa2-EydGsp3sepHObH83PptUdt58drgSYrzHALSbS5DHpuuJagzj94bjlTbgZ2Nx_Ov6pDuF5D2yIY899i90/s400/constand.jpg" title="Cosby and Constand" width="400" /></a></div>
Some of the women did report the assaults to the police, but the police didn't believe them. <a href="http://people.com/crime/who-is-andrea-constand-bill-cosby-accuser/">Andrea Constand, who was the main accuser in the recent case, was one that did that</a>. Since the police wouldn't arrest him, she sued him in civil court and won $150 million. It wasn't until comedian <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/nov/26/hannibal-buress-bill-cosby-comedy-taboo">Hannibal Buress started talking about Cosby raping women in 2014</a> that others in the media (especially social media) started paying attention. <a href="http://highlighthollywood.com/2015/01/roseanne-barr-says-everyone-in-hollywood-knew-about-bill-cosby-and-explains-why-his-fans-are-just-finding-out-highlight-hollywood-news/">Many knew about Cosby's behavior for decades</a>, but it wasn't until he started giving lectures on college campuses this century about <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/5/1/17304196/bill-cosby-guilty-outburst-hypocrisy-metoo">how young black men should be acting</a> that people in the African American community started taking umbrage at his seemingly hypocritical behavior. Someone in Buress' audience took a video of his act, and that went viral. This led to the police <a href="https://apnews.com/979fd9d3cec04861baad091545c37b70/ex-prosecutor-who-didnt-charge-cosby-sued-defamation">re-opening the case in 2015</a>. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2018/04/27/606292771/cosby-convicted-of-sexual-assault">Cosby was finally convicted on 3 counts of sexual assault, Thursday, April 26</a>. I'm sure the victims feel vindicated, but I'm sure they also feel like justice is coming a bit late, since it took 50 or more rapes, plus over 50 years, for him to be convicted. He's in his 70's, blind, and uses a cane; his career has already been destroyed. <a href="https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2018/04/26/bill-cosby-will-probably-die-in-jail/">He'll probably die in prison</a>. Justice would have been more powerful if it had happened many years ago. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OXzbVAYd-U">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKjv5rCckp3NSV0rA3Bqy4OnwGn8gCe6l-7kVGl-wG6d9tGY0AijJVWdb_WMdV8ijtH9Dbgxpko8Q9dmp0dPMVVN-grorFjEio3h6TJxi3zt5lm20WkltJePcFZTBobYT81LWEkL7YdPs/s1600/cosby.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img alt="Young Bill Cosby" border="0" data-original-height="1137" data-original-width="842" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKjv5rCckp3NSV0rA3Bqy4OnwGn8gCe6l-7kVGl-wG6d9tGY0AijJVWdb_WMdV8ijtH9Dbgxpko8Q9dmp0dPMVVN-grorFjEio3h6TJxi3zt5lm20WkltJePcFZTBobYT81LWEkL7YdPs/s320/cosby.jpg" title="Young Bill Cosby" width="236" /></a></div>
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I'm sure I'm not the only one who grew up in the 60's and 70's that was horrified to hear that Bill Cosby is a monster. I was a big fan of his. My family listened to his <a href="https://smile.amazon.com/Why-There-Air-Bill-Cosby/dp/B0000062TI/ref=sr_1_3?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1525229373&sr=1-3&keywords=bill+cosby+albums">comedy record albums</a> and watched "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Spy_(1965_TV_series)">I Spy</a>." I went to see his movie "<a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072351/">Uptown Saturday Night</a>" many times when it played in our local theater one summer, and I saw all of the other movies he starred in after that. I watched all of his sitcoms (He played a high school basketball coach in the early 70's on "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bill_Cosby_Show">The Bill Cosby Show</a>"), his "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_Albert_and_the_Cosby_Kids">Fat Albert</a>" cartoon, and later, his hugely successful "<a href="http://deadline.com/2014/11/bill-cosby-the-cosby-show-nbc-frank-scotti-1201293952/">The Cosby Show</a>" sitcom that aired from 84-92. I even watched the sitcom he had after that, which wasn't all that funny. I followed him on <a href="https://twitter.com/BillCosby">Twitter</a>, too. It's very sad when our favorite celebrities let us down. What a shame that he wasted all of that talent, wealth and fame and chose to be evil. <a href="https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/bill-cosby-popular-culture-1.18273230">So many people looked up to him.</a> His co-starring role on "I Spy" was ground-breaking for black America, and "The Cosby Show" revived the sitcom. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bputeFGXEjA">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPvpcv06ypg1hRm-71LBr0CdDW58KE0_QL9Jspuzd2CFceCWO_XW8RiphWhoQ0auAtGK-UB5mvjnKIWzdPhlDFqanKjB1x4KRXwREht7AvRMbSxsVvwogvc5kN-xGwW2T1_H3G3a4dsNQ/s1600/weinsteinwomen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Women who accused Weinstein" border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="1600" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPvpcv06ypg1hRm-71LBr0CdDW58KE0_QL9Jspuzd2CFceCWO_XW8RiphWhoQ0auAtGK-UB5mvjnKIWzdPhlDFqanKjB1x4KRXwREht7AvRMbSxsVvwogvc5kN-xGwW2T1_H3G3a4dsNQ/s400/weinsteinwomen.jpg" title="Women who accused Weinstein" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> was a powerful Hollywood producer, who co-founded the independent film company Miramax with his brother. He also produced many plays and has won many awards, including Oscars and Tonys. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/">Over 80 women have accused him of sexual assault</a> in the past 6 months. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/05/us/harvey-weinstein-complicity.html">He had many people in Hollywood</a> who helped him cover up his misdeeds. Actress <a href="http://ashleyjudd.com/">Ashley Judd</a> was the first to accuse him last year, and many others came forward after her <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/us/harvey-weinstein-harassment-allegations.html">brave interview with the New York Times</a>. What made her come forward? Why is she believed, when so many others haven't been? I don't know, but clearly it was the right time, and <a href="https://jezebel.com/a-running-list-of-the-women-who-have-accused-harvey-wei-1819320068">she inspired many others</a> to come forward. Weinstein will probably be the next one to go on trial. Inspired by Judd, <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/alyssa-milano-on-her-me-too-campaign-weinstein-conversation-w509345">actress Alyssa Milano posted "#MeToo" on Twitter</a> (she may have gotten the idea from <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-me-too-campaign-was-created-by-a-black-woman-10-years-ago_us_59e61a7fe4b02a215b336fee">an African American activist</a>, a women who had previously used "Me Too" to promote awareness of sexual assault, back in 2006) and <a href="https://twitter.com/alyssa_milano/status/919659438700670976?lang=en">suggested other women post it as well</a>, to promote awareness of sexual harassment and assault. This became an international movement; it morphed into "<a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/national/what-timesup-new-movement-tackles-sexual-harassment-with-legal-support/5t4Ued4EepUiJ8kVtGjRnL/">#TimesUp</a>" after that. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lf_6V30lBro">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm6MWH8O92iw-XpLQuk6N0brimgWz3bRgwRyL6xVVps3AHMjSegXOIF0CEEooQYQjXViC4BnlwsU5whW_ylectmXUeafjsnoOe6eU1FkC-uzE9mH6Sffuxs3EJL-yVtPPwbpUpBcjsOII/s1600/ansari.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Aziz Ansari" border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="1600" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm6MWH8O92iw-XpLQuk6N0brimgWz3bRgwRyL6xVVps3AHMjSegXOIF0CEEooQYQjXViC4BnlwsU5whW_ylectmXUeafjsnoOe6eU1FkC-uzE9mH6Sffuxs3EJL-yVtPPwbpUpBcjsOII/s400/ansari.jpg" title="Aziz Ansari" width="400" /></a></div>
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There have been many other accusations against famous men, and most of them are plausible. There were only a few instances, where just one person made an accusation, and their story didn't seem accurate. One man <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/george-takei-accused-sexually-assaulting-model-1981-1056698">accused George Takei</a>, and he sounded like some crazy guy. Takei has vehemently denied it, and no one else has ever accused him. A woman <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/1/17/16897440/aziz-ansari-allegations-babe-me-too">accused Anziz Ansari</a> of inappropriate behavior, but from her own story, she didn't say no and voluntarily took her own clothes off, and she could have left but didn't. She sounds a bit off and like she somehow expect Ansari to read her mind. This is my opinion. Please do read the stories and make up your own mind.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI41sw_GNehHV56ar5kJ-_IdpON07jneTMHy49liv7ktHbAE3UVauFup8BEhtXjKsOGk8MJYpG1m7pxRDrMqgkgt12B5a-5tiNGvs1OEYaRZLSEozhrTZa9uiLjTuIPLBfSNQk1UkcUlI/s1600/171116-al-franken-groping-accussation-feature-998x663.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Franken groping woman" border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="998" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI41sw_GNehHV56ar5kJ-_IdpON07jneTMHy49liv7ktHbAE3UVauFup8BEhtXjKsOGk8MJYpG1m7pxRDrMqgkgt12B5a-5tiNGvs1OEYaRZLSEozhrTZa9uiLjTuIPLBfSNQk1UkcUlI/s400/171116-al-franken-groping-accussation-feature-998x663.jpg" title="Franken groping woman" width="400" /></a></div>
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Some people feel that <a href="https://www.facebook.com/senatoralfranken/">Senator Al Franken</a> was <a href="https://www.theperspective.com/perspectives/politics/al-franken-castigated-harshly/">punished too harshly</a> because the first woman who accused him, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeann_Tweeden">Leeann Tweeden</a>, was a right-wing radio commentator, and her story didn't sound right. However, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/07/al-franken-news-list-of-sexual-misconduct-allegations.html">eight other women</a> also came forward with different stories. My guess is, if more than one or two people come forward, than it probably is a real pattern. It's a shame that his previous handsy behavior tainted <a href="http://www.startribune.com/franken-s-senate-legacy/462660353/">the good work that he did in the senate</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibcT-FoFSyo1IVkDlTT75yaq7G8kpETaQ3CYs8_-El2WF19BlDLg5gcKlhzpHCTNUIjclLu-7s3kKL2mtuWKM0l9x9ssn3h8tuBW2P03NmUyG1xkB4etawxYPCBmN8kPsJCgiGji8NoMU/s1600/jfk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="859" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibcT-FoFSyo1IVkDlTT75yaq7G8kpETaQ3CYs8_-El2WF19BlDLg5gcKlhzpHCTNUIjclLu-7s3kKL2mtuWKM0l9x9ssn3h8tuBW2P03NmUyG1xkB4etawxYPCBmN8kPsJCgiGji8NoMU/s320/jfk.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Perhaps Franken shouldn't have gone into politics, or perhaps he thought it would be ignored. Until fairly recently, <a href="https://www.thelily.com/why-politicians-got-away-with-sexual-misconduct-for-so-long/">politicians were able to get away with sexual misconduct </a>because the press helped to cover up. One famous example is <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/john-f-kennedy">President John F. Kennedy</a>. We know now that he had numerous affairs while he was in the White House and also <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/">sexually harassed at least one young woman</a>, an intern. Back then, no one spoke about it, and it was not in the news. You don't have to be a fan of "<a href="http://www.amc.com/shows/mad-men">Mad Men</a>" to know that <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/living/sixties-women-5-things/index.html">women were treated very differently back then</a>. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/how-many-presidents-have-been-accused-sexual-assault-692766">Many other presidents and representatives commited rape and sexual harassment</a>, but it wasn't until <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> that a president was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton_sexual_misconduct_allegations">publicly accused</a> of it. He probably thought that he would get away with it, too. At some point, the press decided to stop giving politicians a <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/all-the-presidents-unreported-women-jfk-never-had-problems-like-bill-clintons-recalls-nick-bryant-1438663.html">free pass</a>. Watergate may have been the reason behind that.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Do12H_ENMUE8fPXPGEzOyEVcoEUWOolW8WznGDFmldCoPVOe-Mjxi-Y8yuUh05C8mtzD9OBxTj0INKXz7XzJWAvMYStdgxzX1Lasy1zsU6l7Aa4U9Vj9Ehr5LBy0cBf14c5vPxzpsLU/s1600/hollywood-sex-accused-listjpg-40d5876ae826238b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Celebrities accused recently" border="0" data-original-height="464" data-original-width="620" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Do12H_ENMUE8fPXPGEzOyEVcoEUWOolW8WznGDFmldCoPVOe-Mjxi-Y8yuUh05C8mtzD9OBxTj0INKXz7XzJWAvMYStdgxzX1Lasy1zsU6l7Aa4U9Vj9Ehr5LBy0cBf14c5vPxzpsLU/s400/hollywood-sex-accused-listjpg-40d5876ae826238b.jpg" title="Celebrities accused recently" width="400" /></a> </div>
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Anyway, actors <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2017/11/07/kevin-spacey-scandal-complete-list-13-accusers/835739001/">Kevin Spacey</a>, <a href="https://www.avclub.com/a-fifth-woman-has-accused-danny-masterson-of-rape-1821515019">Danny Masterson</a>, <a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-james-franco-allegations-20180111-htmlstory.html">James Franco</a>, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/12/15/entertainment/dustin-hoffman-sexual-allegations/index.html">Dustin Hoffman</a>, <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/01/jeremy-piven-three-more-women-sexual-misconduct">Jeremy Piven</a>, and <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/jeffrey-tambor-leaves-transparent-sexual-misconduct-allegations">Jeffrey Tambor</a>; comedian <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/louis-ck-on-accusations-these-stories-are-true-w511558">Louis CK</a>; media/news men <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/20/565542031/charlie-rose-is-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-eight-women">Charlie Rose</a>, <a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/tom-brokaw-accused-making-unwanted-advance-woman-article-1.3965720">Tom Brokaw</a>, <a href="http://people.com/tv/matt-lauer-sexual-harassment-assault-allegation-breakdown/">Matt Lauer</a>, <a href="https://www.axios.com/heres-a-list-of-all-the-oreillyailes-accusers-1513301331-acae2e89-ff4a-40d4-a930-fe496fc466bc.html">Roger Ailes</a>, and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/business/media/bill-oreilly-lawsuit-harassment.html">Bill O'Reilly</a>; politicians <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2017/nov/30/donald-trump-sexual-misconduct-allegations-full-list">President Donald Trump</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/05/us/politics/john-conyers-election.html">Rep. John Conyers, Jr.</a>, former <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/04/30/roy-moore-sues-accusers/567471002/">Judge Roy Moore</a>; and <a href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/sexual-harassment-assault-allegations-hollywood-music-entertainment">many others</a> have all been accused in the past year of rape and sexual harassment. However, most of the allegations will probably never lead to arrest, let alone trial or conviction.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL0JUFr4M0sd5eg3dcw35U8NdDEs2EtvHorFpzO6sCbC3UlVT-qifWqU_qJ4VoWHosBxC2LwxmiEqPn5ovg6GwYorMeFp8WC6RoZyJuunP2j6efpKY-KQswm-OJRkYfSKGFokKgBlRz0I/s1600/slutwalk_protest_ap_img3.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="No Excuse for Rape and Violence" border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="615" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL0JUFr4M0sd5eg3dcw35U8NdDEs2EtvHorFpzO6sCbC3UlVT-qifWqU_qJ4VoWHosBxC2LwxmiEqPn5ovg6GwYorMeFp8WC6RoZyJuunP2j6efpKY-KQswm-OJRkYfSKGFokKgBlRz0I/s400/slutwalk_protest_ap_img3.gif" title="No Excuse for Rape and Violence" width="400" /></a></div>
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It's pretty clear that women are now speaking up more, thanks to all of these actresses and others coming forward with their stories. The police are being forced to look into cases. The news media is unearthing any possible stories. Social media is constantly reminding us of the alleged crimes of these men. I hope that the progress continues, and this type of behavior is no longer accepted anywhere. I think that these eye-opening events of the 21st century are a very good step forward for women's rights.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ULtT96-7k2gkjqQQjQ08fapsjw8BfBR1tZdAaLUkuv0b3vZHtpwcuvG2q_OkacSpztqhgYiVVRJDUBshevT2BcJAUZAMm_-kzIdPbdiP9CfayWDEHO7YKVeiOwE-f_qgw7glxz2GmZM/s1600/rapestats.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="college rape stats" border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="602" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ULtT96-7k2gkjqQQjQ08fapsjw8BfBR1tZdAaLUkuv0b3vZHtpwcuvG2q_OkacSpztqhgYiVVRJDUBshevT2BcJAUZAMm_-kzIdPbdiP9CfayWDEHO7YKVeiOwE-f_qgw7glxz2GmZM/s400/rapestats.jpg" title="college rape stats" width="313" /></a></div>
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<br />Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-52801453079570700452018-04-18T21:11:00.000-07:002018-04-18T21:42:51.399-07:00Brief #10: Freedom of Information Act<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgcdGo8JZ_GTqr2ZVI95pD_Yp7M3FIere1CDJ6ElWeAYByQBvofrK9XkbucIrsmqYwqpeHtIx2oR5r4D-KLp6nQPIjw0RnZoOT6Dgl2dUtj9-yMDWG4z8LlrWG7s0_sg18XC0wRezAueA/s1600/freedom_of_information_act.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Freedom of Information Act" border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="340" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgcdGo8JZ_GTqr2ZVI95pD_Yp7M3FIere1CDJ6ElWeAYByQBvofrK9XkbucIrsmqYwqpeHtIx2oR5r4D-KLp6nQPIjw0RnZoOT6Dgl2dUtj9-yMDWG4z8LlrWG7s0_sg18XC0wRezAueA/s400/freedom_of_information_act.jpg" title="Freedom of Information Act" width="400" /></a></div>
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It seems to me that there has always been a battle between
the people of our country, who want to know what the government is doing
(especially when it affects them), and those who work for the government, who want to do their
job in their own way, and not have to answer to the people (or anyone else) -
especially since there is a lot of bureaucracy in government that seems to
hamper getting things done. Although I have some sympathy for the government
officials, wanting to ignore the rules and just fix problems, it's we, the <u>people</u>
who elect the government, and who have the right, via the press, and the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)">Freedom of Information Act,</a> to know what's going on behind closed doors. There are many exemptions to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) as well. The
Federal FOIA applies to the executive branch of the
government, but the states each have their own Freedom of Information Act. Sometimes,
it’s companies, not individuals, who are using the FOIA to get the information from
the government, such as in <a href="https://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2017/09/27/state-supreme-court-halts-release-of-execution-drug-information">this Arkansas case that started last year</a>. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVFYsAXzG4c">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="http://www.conduitforaction.org/quiz-knowledge-is-power-arkansas-freedom-of-information-act/">(Take the Arkansas Freedom of Information Act Quiz!)</a> </div>
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An attorney named Steve Shultz has been suing the Arkansas
Department of Corrections (ADC), using the state's FOIA, to
release package inserts and labels for the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/drugs-in-arkansas-lethal-injections-2017-4">three drugs</a> used in state
executions. <a href="https://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2018/03/29/state-supreme-court-again-rules-state-must-release-execution-drug-labels-if-redacted">The ADC wants to redact theinformation</a> that would tell exactly who was making and distributing the
drugs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drug companies don't want their
drugs to be used for state executions; it's bad for their businesses. It's
difficult for the ADC to find sources of the
drugs. If these sources were made public, it would make it more difficult for
them to get access to them, or to find replacements for the drugs. The secrecy
provisions of the state's Methods of Execution Act permits them to redact the
information. <b><a href="http://www.nwahomepage.com/news/fox-24/supreme-court-orders-state-to-supply-execution-drug-labels/850012696">Video</a></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmFDazVCCbHMprIuteDaHzPeTPAbqiF3UVP5LOYErVSyWIhMY3Jw-LeGO7kia187w67bguasW6tlhOlXnmmy9dFSqb90xYOPJnTWdd87jNFp8Yz_RLUDPHJJ2-51bF5YvxVqKE63pDCKk/s1600/AFOIA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmFDazVCCbHMprIuteDaHzPeTPAbqiF3UVP5LOYErVSyWIhMY3Jw-LeGO7kia187w67bguasW6tlhOlXnmmy9dFSqb90xYOPJnTWdd87jNFp8Yz_RLUDPHJJ2-51bF5YvxVqKE63pDCKk/s400/AFOIA.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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None of the articles I've read explain exactly why Shultz is suing; it could be that he has a client who wants to use the information to either sue
the state for a past execution in a wrongful death lawsuit; or he wants to prevent
the state from performing more executions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He could also be representing the drug companies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://5newsonline.com/2017/04/18/drug-company-files-another-lawsuit-against-arkansas-over-use-of-execution-drugs/">Drug manufacturers and their distributorshave been suing ADC for years</a>; they claim that the state obtained their drugs illegally (the companies did
not give them permission to use them for executions).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this case with Shultz, the courts keep telling the ADC to release the information, but then they appeal to higher courts. Because there are three different drugs, there are
three different lawsuits, which makes things even more complicated. <b><a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/video/is-lethal-injection-painful-173642307735?v=b">Video</a></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJQNPHXtNMgJ2IC9PCMPQJSIoHSBb1zBH_igzIu6yke9-WDEmiTCXr_6KOBfhPcIMpxOvLoIQZ7lcqMxvBW1P0xlqfKpYbmmp8peP8Wl1FKKLkR-PrcaKg3udrKpKIP4tE67j70iMaQlg/s1600/AP_82179896684.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1437" data-original-width="1069" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJQNPHXtNMgJ2IC9PCMPQJSIoHSBb1zBH_igzIu6yke9-WDEmiTCXr_6KOBfhPcIMpxOvLoIQZ7lcqMxvBW1P0xlqfKpYbmmp8peP8Wl1FKKLkR-PrcaKg3udrKpKIP4tE67j70iMaQlg/s400/AP_82179896684.jpg" width="297" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/court-again-says-state-must-release-execution-drug-labels/Content?oid=16523664">The latest ruling from the Arkansas Supreme Court said thatthe ADC could redact certain information fromthe labels</a> that could identify who sold or supplied potassium chloride to the
state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They've sent it to Pulaski County Circuit Judge
Wendell Griffen, who gets to decide which information must be redacted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The court has disagreed with the ADC's assertion that the information must be kept completely secret
because they're only supposed to use FDA-approved manufacturers for their
drugs. Not knowing whose product they're using makes it impossible to tell if
they're in compliance or not. It's interesting to note that <a href="https://www.sfgate.com/news/us/article/Arkansas-judge-again-demonstrates-against-death-12844474.php">Judge Griffen is also a death penalty protester</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHEY92WQxMHG1acZQZkRrWJ5lnmbjL4Lu4D7oU3fo7rWfrZMPFZWoQ6i4QwINEhbUNayxLaOIxsgWe_iPTRDp5tV_NboEsTuHE1zCQgJtMI-zx16u8ydmvWzaSKaScu51BlAxYRXtoxVs/s1600/FOIA-6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cartoon about government secrecy" border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="675" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHEY92WQxMHG1acZQZkRrWJ5lnmbjL4Lu4D7oU3fo7rWfrZMPFZWoQ6i4QwINEhbUNayxLaOIxsgWe_iPTRDp5tV_NboEsTuHE1zCQgJtMI-zx16u8ydmvWzaSKaScu51BlAxYRXtoxVs/s400/FOIA-6.png" title="cartoon about government secrecy" width="400" /></a></div>
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Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-42655478528290154422018-04-11T19:51:00.000-07:002018-04-12T09:44:45.974-07:00Brief #9: College Media<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSDRMKBZ6ju3SljJL2ZzeaUc70FmSJv-RTn1Gto_qFJ-g0FlSXkWcKSl7BW2QpB3s4cDsLL0AKBlRAYupZeaWqEJvJNIbcG6dBOWk2V0JDr4yssXu45DBlp2IViiNKFvIF9QwJ_xT5oxw/s1600/papers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="college newspapers" border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="540" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSDRMKBZ6ju3SljJL2ZzeaUc70FmSJv-RTn1Gto_qFJ-g0FlSXkWcKSl7BW2QpB3s4cDsLL0AKBlRAYupZeaWqEJvJNIbcG6dBOWk2V0JDr4yssXu45DBlp2IViiNKFvIF9QwJ_xT5oxw/s320/papers.jpg" title="college newspapers" width="320" /></a></div>
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The phrase "college media" can mean many things, from student or university blogs, to social media posts, to the school newspaper or TV studios. I decided to focus my post on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_college_and_university_student_newspapers_in_the_United_States">U.S. college newspapers</a> (many of which are online-only, like our own "<a href="http://www.thebray.com/">The Bray</a>"). I knew very little about college newspapers, so this was an interesting fact-digging assignment for me. I worked on my junior high school paper in 9th grade, and I drew some cartoons for my school paper in Palomar Community College in 1980. I wrote some articles for The Bray last semester. I've been at many universities, due to my husband's job, and some of their papers were good, and some not so good. Other than that, I know zilch about school papers. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG1rdO5j0lM">Video</a></b><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMOEelwenHw3bCMCeGKOtMl2gpLt-tibBGTmj178If1IOwjT_cEfsSwhhdTwx6soGhA7pZRc3oGPPOXmxcceA_j9YPUEygJEgniS3DvQw5dQKPGXCAk9tqHITkOS3Qqr3OPSHcCgjW-Ug/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Bray Online - Southern Arkansas University's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="1434" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMOEelwenHw3bCMCeGKOtMl2gpLt-tibBGTmj178If1IOwjT_cEfsSwhhdTwx6soGhA7pZRc3oGPPOXmxcceA_j9YPUEygJEgniS3DvQw5dQKPGXCAk9tqHITkOS3Qqr3OPSHcCgjW-Ug/s400/Untitled.png" title="The Bray Online - Southern Arkansas University's newspaper" width="400" /></a></div>
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From what I've been able to tell with my online research, today's college newspapers face three main challenges: whether to keep printing or move online entirely (or to blogs and social media); how to get funding in the face of budget cuts; and facing censorship. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9WXMcMoRK0">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJX863iSnWk_qTUNdEufp9b4oaWJx-IVQtglqoe_r_JwnUb3VXmmuRhITXXig1w_AcnAzrNRHrL4tau6asRD8lXiGMLTdIosM0g9ocV_Dk7Q9RS47ejjaIsUM4Eh4rGX1rFLx4YSpc1KM/s1600/dailyaztec.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Daily Aztec - San Diego State's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="320" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJX863iSnWk_qTUNdEufp9b4oaWJx-IVQtglqoe_r_JwnUb3VXmmuRhITXXig1w_AcnAzrNRHrL4tau6asRD8lXiGMLTdIosM0g9ocV_Dk7Q9RS47ejjaIsUM4Eh4rGX1rFLx4YSpc1KM/s320/dailyaztec.jpg" title="The Daily Aztec - San Diego State's newspaper" width="214" /></a></div>
Unlike professional newspapers, school papers are usually funded by the university (via student fees), or they have advertisers, or both. These papers are always free, so they can't charge a subscription fee. Our paper here at SAU pays the students for articles and photos, which I was surprised to learn. I thought school papers were either put out by a particular journalism class, or they were run by volunteers (like a campus club), which is how papers are done in high schools and middle schools (at least, as far as I remember). On the other hand, many colleges no longer have journalism degrees or even journalism classes. Our major is "Mass Communication" and focuses on online media and PR as much as journalism. However, the writers and photographers of the school paper are not necessarily Mass Comm majors. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFunLdgmmas">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1c1N0PYOrfuIA7_t9UwSQrA1R1B9tFENPAafMVE4VjjHm1AEoXuUL4D14UM0DC5pDoMqv9ZdT_ktJnasOGbr41reN5RmnU0dB4bY1LbaaCME5cfW_r3sVgBJWx1gLYg3lOCob-GsOeOA/s1600/statesman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Statesman - Stony Brook University's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="612" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1c1N0PYOrfuIA7_t9UwSQrA1R1B9tFENPAafMVE4VjjHm1AEoXuUL4D14UM0DC5pDoMqv9ZdT_ktJnasOGbr41reN5RmnU0dB4bY1LbaaCME5cfW_r3sVgBJWx1gLYg3lOCob-GsOeOA/s320/statesman.jpg" title="The Statesman - Stony Brook University's newspaper" width="289" /></a></div>
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I was shocked that university papers are having <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/04/26/college-newspapers-turn-student-fees-funding">financial cutbacks</a> because I thought they were well-supported by the colleges. Apparently when colleges try to <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/kansas/articles/2018-04-05/university-president-approves-25k-cut-from-student-newspaper">cut costs</a>, the school paper budget is one of the things they do slash. I suppose if a school paper is not popular with the students, and not well read by others in the community, and there is no Mass Comm or Journalism degree, they shouldn't charge students extra money for it. That makes sense. Unfortunately, I think that funding is cut even when the papers have many readers.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3rxnacpEPYxHsv_aDe0W5XN4PZA1KNja4UNOEgknd4nMW7mqpuML9vDoFN9P_L8ujf5VUWVes5lSZQFvh0kFTulaw2rSEGZxRKwW8AYy6KihQSlmSgz08tMUqD0O8MzImf7nG8GckJRg/s1600/vidette.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Vidette - Illinois State University's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="311" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3rxnacpEPYxHsv_aDe0W5XN4PZA1KNja4UNOEgknd4nMW7mqpuML9vDoFN9P_L8ujf5VUWVes5lSZQFvh0kFTulaw2rSEGZxRKwW8AYy6KihQSlmSgz08tMUqD0O8MzImf7nG8GckJRg/s320/vidette.jpg" title="The Vidette - Illinois State University's newspaper" width="207" /></a></div>
Many school papers stopped printing an actual paper and have <a href="https://www.poynter.org/news/what-happened-after-6-college-newspapers-cut-their-print-schedules">gone digital</a>. Sometimes it's because of printing costs, but also it's because today's students are more comfortable with digital newspapers. Also, today's students tend to be <a href="http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2015/green-generation-millennials-say-sustainability-is-a-shopping-priority.html">environmentally conscious</a>, so it makes sense that they would rather not kill more trees or have to recycle newspapers instead of having a digital paper (even if <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/digital-really-greener-paper-marketing">going digital is not necessarily any more ecologically-friendly</a>.) Some college newspapers are <a href="https://www.cosmopolitan.com/college/a12216509/college-newspapers-snapchat-discover-stories/">using social media</a> to help bring in more readers. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXXBBS0PdPk">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvWjSsTptPkpZYO1-gTpkt-KEwvgsSJLzB6VBhMCitKUTvYnYvEJoZ6sQ1dUmVFAxhm-cb-6rsUe2nb3vBwpVnXM4NG22V1-GWNt-YhVdxPvpgZUNste67ZxNuv5DOTCbMN2uQCXHd6UY/s1600/crimson.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Crimson White - The University of Alabama's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="1011" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvWjSsTptPkpZYO1-gTpkt-KEwvgsSJLzB6VBhMCitKUTvYnYvEJoZ6sQ1dUmVFAxhm-cb-6rsUe2nb3vBwpVnXM4NG22V1-GWNt-YhVdxPvpgZUNste67ZxNuv5DOTCbMN2uQCXHd6UY/s320/crimson.png" title="The Crimson White - The University of Alabama's newspaper" width="320" /></a></div>
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I was even more shocked to learn that some college administrators <a href="http://college.usatoday.com/2017/02/01/college-newspapers-free-speech/">try to control</a> what the newspaper talks about. Here at SAU, the administration has a "hands off" policy when it comes to the paper. The paper isn't even hosted on the SAU website. It's completely independent and student-run. The advisor only advises and doesn't tell the editor or reporters what to do. The first amendment is alive and well here in Southern Arkansas.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF1OyRhDUkO72VvYCgDs1g2Vy7LIiX5b_yD7c4ASBd3aIUls_59xnALhkwD-3V2j8tlp6a8csJOOQebaYFaC5djxmb286N-9QM5L81WeUIXKpig3Dyg9nyE2Y70n7p8AsPd8VAlmyhz64/s1600/highlander.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Highlander - UC Riverside's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="310" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF1OyRhDUkO72VvYCgDs1g2Vy7LIiX5b_yD7c4ASBd3aIUls_59xnALhkwD-3V2j8tlp6a8csJOOQebaYFaC5djxmb286N-9QM5L81WeUIXKpig3Dyg9nyE2Y70n7p8AsPd8VAlmyhz64/s320/highlander.jpg" title="The Highlander - UC Riverside's newspaper" width="206" /></a></div>
College newspapers also vary widely in their writing styles, resources and circulation numbers. Top universities like <a href="https://college.harvard.edu/admissions/hear-our-students/student-blog/what-it%E2%80%99s-really-work-college-newspaper">Harvard</a> train their students in newspapers and magazines that are very similar to real-world major newspapers. Some colleges have moved their operations entirely to <a href="http://www.niemanlab.org/2015/05/what-happened-when-a-college-newspaper-abandoned-its-website-for-medium-and-twitter/">blogs or social media</a>. I suppose that's the wave of the future in student newspapers. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMh1dkXRbx8">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHmfIQQH91luGrtHsZ69k7aX77u1Kr_hWA5AzrepYWhjTUby1-mFhEGPxPLFOcgQ4cKMl9NYN9Ls7RtRwPRbaK74MzxZpw2UgaAdU63PyGMPtsSnEWnnezpFJOQokLp5eMRbADtopX8vo/s1600/toreador.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Toreador - Texas Tech's newspaper" border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHmfIQQH91luGrtHsZ69k7aX77u1Kr_hWA5AzrepYWhjTUby1-mFhEGPxPLFOcgQ4cKMl9NYN9Ls7RtRwPRbaK74MzxZpw2UgaAdU63PyGMPtsSnEWnnezpFJOQokLp5eMRbADtopX8vo/s1600/toreador.jpg" title="Toreador - Texas Tech's newspaper" /></a></div>
Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-82595488416558065652018-04-05T01:34:00.001-07:002018-04-05T01:34:28.596-07:00Brief #8: Investigative Journalism<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGWKrA8ymccY_u-BwjGnI6nCkbhJtJ_Nsyk_RPgB8Cfj4KlUZPTzb4E8-GwUuUz9jjQh9WEZNHY6eKuEdzB9_iVOEUQcCSMR1ktP4VdQO7e2GTCh4CZBBKxGlZLYsYZ1q_of0m9iT6DA/s1600/deadspin-sinclair.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="anchors" border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="1600" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGWKrA8ymccY_u-BwjGnI6nCkbhJtJ_Nsyk_RPgB8Cfj4KlUZPTzb4E8-GwUuUz9jjQh9WEZNHY6eKuEdzB9_iVOEUQcCSMR1ktP4VdQO7e2GTCh4CZBBKxGlZLYsYZ1q_of0m9iT6DA/s400/deadspin-sinclair.jpg" title="anchors" width="400" /></a></div>
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Journalists of all types generally pride themselves on their honesty and integrity. They are schooled in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards">professional ethics</a>.
Their job is to search for the truth and to report the facts. These
days, journalists and their ethics are under attack by the President of
United States and those who follow him. The recent news stories about <a href="http://sbgi.net/">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a> shows a further clash between those with money and power, and journalists. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxtkvG1JnPk">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR_q4ZGM3bjSUwRYhc01la0tmsdqxRg5g-XWyeEpSZWaq0kyYB6f-tB88btRtiIkqYNDH5hdyTSAQhg0zBdytPhSNBYTvfcBIWmtB2llGKbNOLkdhhqRPNsxjTPgeJ0hK7SG2GoNwqvw/s1600/sbg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Sinclair logo" border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="337" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR_q4ZGM3bjSUwRYhc01la0tmsdqxRg5g-XWyeEpSZWaq0kyYB6f-tB88btRtiIkqYNDH5hdyTSAQhg0zBdytPhSNBYTvfcBIWmtB2llGKbNOLkdhhqRPNsxjTPgeJ0hK7SG2GoNwqvw/s400/sbg.png" title="Sinclair logo" width="400" /></a></div>
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Sinclair Broadcast Group started in the seventies, but now they have almost 200 news stations across the country. A <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2018/04/04/the-loophole-that-enables-sinclair-to-own-so-many-tv-stations/?utm_term=.3fcca03e22cd">loophole in the law</a>, as well as political shenanigans, have enabled them to buy up a lot of stations. They contribute to the consolidation of the media that has been going on in the U.S. for quite awhile. <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sinclair-broadcast-group-what-you-need-to-know/">According to recent news reports</a>,
they tell their reporters in these news stations exactly what to say in
their editorials (which are always conservative). Americans rely on
the news to be accurate, and if a news person is delivering an editorial
commentary, it's expected that the commentary is their own, as a local
voice of the community. It's shocking to learn that so many of these
stations are just delivering whatever their bosses want them to say,
without regard to journalistic integrity. This story of "must-read
editorials" was in the news this week when someone put many of the
stations' videos together to show just how alike they were. <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598794433/video-reveals-power-of-sinclair-as-local-news-anchors-recite-script-in-unison">Although some reporters have been warning us</a> about Sinclair for a while, it was a viral video from a sports news site <a href="https://deadspin.com/">Deadspin</a> that recently brought Sinclair into the public awareness. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvtNyOzGogc">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0tCkQFNpQYUNWOJB-hRqT7yZjUE5MYuhrXpDcSzX03nTW2Om0WTM93TQ41CAz8APAJrvOklu7bMT5KActSXHtGEJ0DyROAEWteFBXiJocm8a6xloBI9_sG3gPFwyR31y_o1m4xx0XPg/s1600/kushner.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Kushner struck deal with sinclair" border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="460" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0tCkQFNpQYUNWOJB-hRqT7yZjUE5MYuhrXpDcSzX03nTW2Om0WTM93TQ41CAz8APAJrvOklu7bMT5KActSXHtGEJ0DyROAEWteFBXiJocm8a6xloBI9_sG3gPFwyR31y_o1m4xx0XPg/s400/kushner.jpg" title="Kushner struck deal with sinclair" width="400" /></a><br />
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<a href="http://therealnews.com/t2/story:21499:Sinclair%27s-Synchronized-Fake-News-Broadcast-Goes-Viral">This video</a>
not only shows you the synchronized news stories, but it tells all
about how Sinclair is growing, and what lies they've been telling,
especially in their home city of Baltimore. It's pretty scandalous.
Although it's true that newspapers, TV news stations, news networks and
the like are businesses that want to make a profit, it's rare that the
people in charge so obviously care more about making money and pushing
their own greedy agenda than they do about the integrity of their
programming.<br />
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<a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/the-real-problem-with-sinclair/">The leftist magazine The Nation</a>
rightly points out that this is chilling - not because it's right-wing
news - but because having ONE source (or few sources) for the news is
bad for democracy. Their company website claims that they're "one of
the largest and most diversified television broadcasting companies in
the country." I don't think they understand what "diversified" really
means.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiERz6l89gr1DZ0jge9sKo-aVl_aO__Z5SjCpeWVZlIxW0kZi0eBVwioEz-HYQJ5hgQeUp7ulhyJXtBKQ40_DhfPQeQJ2Yg_bftetI9dYlxazsj-5SiY5GWyoqutR4kvt6L7FUyXqU4w/s1600/sinclair-trump-955px.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="955" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiERz6l89gr1DZ0jge9sKo-aVl_aO__Z5SjCpeWVZlIxW0kZi0eBVwioEz-HYQJ5hgQeUp7ulhyJXtBKQ40_DhfPQeQJ2Yg_bftetI9dYlxazsj-5SiY5GWyoqutR4kvt6L7FUyXqU4w/s320/sinclair-trump-955px.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The
group has been accused not just of pushing a right-wing agenda, but of
favoring Trump and his allies. Trump has also praised Sinclair, while
he's denounced all other news sources, except for FOX news. This all
goes against everything journalists believe. The reporters should be as
unbiased as possible, and reporting real news, not reporting with any
agenda. An editorial should not be promoting the interests of a
corporation whose goal is just to make money and to have power, not to
represent the community or discuss real issues. It's ironic that <a href="http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20180403/what-we-know-about-conservative-media-giant-sinclair">the editorial that drew the attention of the media was about "fake news,"</a> when that's what these editorials seem to be. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCkuuzDOKwE">Video</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.weeklystandard.com/editorial-what-if-trump-were-obama-and-sinclair-were-cnn/article/2012161">This article</a>
pose the hypothetical question, "What would happen if President Obama
acted like Trump on Twitter, and Sinclair were a left wing news
organization?" Of course, it's a silly thing to speculate because Obama
would never act that way, and there really aren't any left wing news
organizations. Many journalists may have liberal or progressive
beliefs, but they don't let those beliefs get in the way of their
journalistic goals. It would be unethical for them to do that. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOlQjUlMgOc">Video</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.newsweek.com/bob-woodward-watergate-carl-bernstein-masterclass-nixon-trump-833328">As legendary investigative journalist Bob Woodward says</a>
about reporters who cover President Trump, "it’s important to get your
personal politics out. It's destructive to become too politicized."
Someone needs to teach Sinclair about these basic press ethics.<br />
<br />
Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-85242501288075324502018-03-14T20:17:00.000-07:002018-03-14T21:39:46.001-07:00Brief #7: Exploiting a News Story<h2>
<span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>How Social Media Deals with Fake News </b></span></span></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2WoNj9WNX3zJIA7knXPPcuXvzrJeRKS1H6C3yRSsk5cwwJCCQOoZBzbRKufbmRU4wPkDeyF2HABc5EtZjS76BiI2_lqiarY9XfOs3xhhqAbdAI_fjHQqFA30N_6E4PrnHiMdDH-dTZSc/s1600/wheredoyougetyournews.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Where Do You Get Your News?" border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1208" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2WoNj9WNX3zJIA7knXPPcuXvzrJeRKS1H6C3yRSsk5cwwJCCQOoZBzbRKufbmRU4wPkDeyF2HABc5EtZjS76BiI2_lqiarY9XfOs3xhhqAbdAI_fjHQqFA30N_6E4PrnHiMdDH-dTZSc/s400/wheredoyougetyournews.jpg" title="Where Do You Get Your News?" width="400" /></a></div>
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How do companies - especially online, social media companies - deal with "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news">fake news</a>" spread by Russians, right-wing conspiracy theorists, Nazis and other nutty people? If they just leave them alone, they get a lot of criticism for letting people spread "fake news," or bigotry, or hate. Some companies have figured it out, and others are flailing. If the social media companies just deleted everyone who shared or posted "fake news," they would get even more criticism, and lose customers (not to mention, revenue). Some would complain that their First Amendment rights are being violated (<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/04/27/politics/first-amendment-explainer-trnd/index.html">even though they would be wrong about that</a>). Deleting posts might hurt the social media companies' businesses. <a href="http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/16/technology/tech-trust-indicators/index.html">Last year, Twitter, Google and Facebook vowed to use something called "trust indicators" to stop the spread of fake news (FN) on their sites.</a> Before you continue reading, here's <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-42724320">a really interesting article</a> that tells the recent history of FN.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeK9XKyLCo6OVVh3cnW9Ol9OUtGtN0v9WtO-1-DUF_EpxeexV5xRWx6qaDcpedx85hyNLBQOjFpzCnXsP0AoAFVpsYeFfoaBu4mBKc-orboOnixdhYoois93Mq2YU5SU5FmaJ0qmKEvQ/s1600/youtubefakenews.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="YouTube Fake News" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeK9XKyLCo6OVVh3cnW9Ol9OUtGtN0v9WtO-1-DUF_EpxeexV5xRWx6qaDcpedx85hyNLBQOjFpzCnXsP0AoAFVpsYeFfoaBu4mBKc-orboOnixdhYoois93Mq2YU5SU5FmaJ0qmKEvQ/s400/youtubefakenews.jpg" title="YouTube Fake News" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/">YouTube</a> has a lot of conspiracy nuts and other crazies posting videos. <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-fights-fake-news-with-wikipedia-frkpc8nm2">They've now decided</a> that whenever one of these people posts a conspiracy or other FN video, they will post a link to a <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a> article with the facts. That way, their customers can decide for themselves, whether the person in the video, or Wikipedia, is right. That's one interesting way to deal with the problem. However, other YouTube users, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/12/in-india-many-see-fake-news-on-youtube-thanks-to-cheap-data-plans.html">such as in India</a>, see a lot of FN. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKpFeoAJcsMm7G9_sB4aWENFHup5Z8u0SugMBrlGW3f1S2fGlWktxLN4YxIP1W20GxK1q_8v7Ha0I2GxJFuO_vlifwleGnlr5ceMfeZ2kyVMsu-3UtGwUjcFv0o0MErYY9m9IIF6wBlr0/s1600/fbfake.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Fake Facebook " border="0" data-original-height="734" data-original-width="1100" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKpFeoAJcsMm7G9_sB4aWENFHup5Z8u0SugMBrlGW3f1S2fGlWktxLN4YxIP1W20GxK1q_8v7Ha0I2GxJFuO_vlifwleGnlr5ceMfeZ2kyVMsu-3UtGwUjcFv0o0MErYY9m9IIF6wBlr0/s320/fbfake.png" title="Fake Facebook " width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a> has faced a lot of negative judgement from the press, from Congress, and from others, for the role that they played in the last election (allowing Russians to post FN against Hillary Clinton). Besides the U.S., the <a href="https://hopenothate.com/2018/02/02/bots-fake-news-russian-influence-brexit-referendum-look-evidence/">FN also influenced the UK's Brexit election</a>. Last November, <a href="https://www.recode.net/2017/11/1/16593682/congress-fake-news-facebook-instagram-advertisements-russia-election-president-trump-clinton">Democrats in congress found at least 14 FN ads</a> bought by Russians on both Facebook and Instagram. (Instagram is owned by Facebook) <b><a href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2018/02/18/stelter-fake-news-plague-is-getting-worse-rs.cnn">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg67fGoSq_ig41S3JQkDtdGa1PUwVsGnaJhQGApY_qS_ePWpAjinRVQNAa5BxzNvF_gvSARR8uXkBA-ih9ZBYyWMnJkhnRSKS-g9bO-bWcu6faKE8ea_jjJWck7TfZaTucgzC1Ts-D1xUE/s1600/zuckerbergfake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="480" height="357" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg67fGoSq_ig41S3JQkDtdGa1PUwVsGnaJhQGApY_qS_ePWpAjinRVQNAa5BxzNvF_gvSARR8uXkBA-ih9ZBYyWMnJkhnRSKS-g9bO-bWcu6faKE8ea_jjJWck7TfZaTucgzC1Ts-D1xUE/s400/zuckerbergfake.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Also, many regular users get annoyed whenever <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccaheilweil1/2017/07/18/facebook-removes-only-a-fraction-of-hate-groups-flagged-by-activists/">Facebook allows any racist or hateful posts</a>, yet they suspend people who show <a href="https://phys.org/news/2016-02-facebook-policy-nudity.html">innocuous naked photo</a>s or who <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/10/27/facebook-censored-cross-your-countrys-government-and-they-might-censor-you-too-james-bovard-column/795271001/">complain about the government</a> (and to be fair, <a href="https://www.therebel.media/facebook_hires_3000_reviewers_to_censor_conservatives">right wingers think the same thing</a>, that Facebook is run by leftists who like to censor them). <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/15/business/facebook-advertising-anti-semitism.html">They also got in trouble for targeted racist ads last year.</a> They claim to be cracking down on hate groups and on FN. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/13/early-facebook-investor-calls-zuckerberg-insincere-in-fake-news-fight.html">One of Facebook's early investors, Roger McNamee, doesn't believe that Facebook really wants to do anything about it.</a> He says they're either unable or unwilling to do anything that will really work. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/03/13/facebooks-brand-more-damaged-than-the-stock-says-ex-zuckerberg-mentor.html"><b>Video</b></a> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitL8FuyJSfUJ5xD3naEZJRQjMQp82TkiJf4fzanGirLspZ_ytQGHSiAGbdvp704DCn4zyoSqUB8m99mjK4pdZIuTZoB5GElJ4Gdq6DOgAMIR65vW1HFJcVx27EwYVA8QRRPOQhdXSxrj0/s1600/instagramfake.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="503" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitL8FuyJSfUJ5xD3naEZJRQjMQp82TkiJf4fzanGirLspZ_ytQGHSiAGbdvp704DCn4zyoSqUB8m99mjK4pdZIuTZoB5GElJ4Gdq6DOgAMIR65vW1HFJcVx27EwYVA8QRRPOQhdXSxrj0/s400/instagramfake.png" width="292" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.instagram.com/instagram/?hl=en">Instagram</a> <a href="https://qz.com/1190263/why-is-instagram-censoring-zoe-leonards-poem-from-1992/">faces similar censorship criticism</a>. <a href="https://thenextweb.com/insider/2017/07/04/instagram-is-cracking-down-on-fake-influencers/">Instagram also had a lot of fake social media influencers</a> (they use bots to make money from likes and fake comments), but they were working hard to get rid of them.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhcvoamXOdjEeaq2gVTcau2g0EB3P_gCWrwGKTQJK38CmHtHNDom8P3PEuLnDSStyYVq36gPg1bjl5oXUPa7xAot6g0ziLS1_LAnR0VEqYkicRIByV0zXcAYHfNy6uXfQj2MtXrtU51I0/s1600/apfake.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="640" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhcvoamXOdjEeaq2gVTcau2g0EB3P_gCWrwGKTQJK38CmHtHNDom8P3PEuLnDSStyYVq36gPg1bjl5oXUPa7xAot6g0ziLS1_LAnR0VEqYkicRIByV0zXcAYHfNy6uXfQj2MtXrtU51I0/s400/apfake.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://twitter.com/">Twitter</a> has also been criticized, like Facebook, for allowing Russians, bots and others to post FN, which affected the election. In January,<a href="https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/company/2018/2016-election-update.html"> they mentioned in their blog that they were contacting users who interacted with Russian accounts that were spreading FN</a>. However, <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/fake-news-spreads-faster-and-deeper-verified-stories-180968443">a new study at MIT</a> concludes that Twitter's efforts aren't working and that FN spreads even faster and wider on Twitter than real news. Apparently, this is because FN stories are more interesting than real news. That makes sense, when you think about tabloids and other FN sources. They're always posting something outrageous or shocking because they want you to click on their link or spread the news to your friends. Most people don't bother to check to see if it's real or not. This is how <a href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-009">urban myths and hoaxes</a> start. Not only that, but the study found that most FN is spread by real people on Twitter, not bots. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL67FQ_uGBg"><b>Video</b></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmQ-I6MM9JpHbEuCTQVKTotbnAmpPRt9WP3LXOuAiuUtEjx4PEU7l16VDbclXHV3Xg5ldXy8izxLwl0iBsF06tEYhkFcP1RnW1PYXZ8e-qu7DnZZYDhSxs2ZULhvJCiGAkz3EtXDL7Ms/s1600/twitterverified.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="1210" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXmQ-I6MM9JpHbEuCTQVKTotbnAmpPRt9WP3LXOuAiuUtEjx4PEU7l16VDbclXHV3Xg5ldXy8izxLwl0iBsF06tEYhkFcP1RnW1PYXZ8e-qu7DnZZYDhSxs2ZULhvJCiGAkz3EtXDL7Ms/s400/twitterverified.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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In November, <a href="https://gizmodo.com/twitter-halts-verifications-after-refusing-to-say-why-i-1820288878">Twitter stopped verifying accounts</a> (the process they use to tell which famous people online are authentic accounts) because they were vilified for verifying the Neo-Nazi rally organizer in Charlotte. Twitter, of course, doesn't say that their verification is for famous people only. They say it's for accounts that are for "public interest." Only they know what this means. Many who run companies or organizations, like myself, have been turned down for verification, without any explicit reason given.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-p_ZvGIwzsaKoLGk2cfCwStaR9lXMMH52HfHqlwbuBy1pqfkUZWWsgvRqBfdV_O7J_AaChG0IBpAGVtWyWpD-DPrw7bieMHvpZNjmoEMOP6SBLpFtN1jWxOZ3mnKR8I7WtmkyysgbzdM/s1600/check.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="766" data-original-width="703" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-p_ZvGIwzsaKoLGk2cfCwStaR9lXMMH52HfHqlwbuBy1pqfkUZWWsgvRqBfdV_O7J_AaChG0IBpAGVtWyWpD-DPrw7bieMHvpZNjmoEMOP6SBLpFtN1jWxOZ3mnKR8I7WtmkyysgbzdM/s400/check.jpg" width="366" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.newsweek.com/liberals-dont-share-believe-fake-news-much-right-wing-study-finds-800219">Conservatives are more likely to share FN on social media than liberals or moderates</a>, which doesn't surprise me. I know a lot of people on social media, of all types and backgrounds. It's almost always the conservatives that share the FN. After being online for 24 years, I have a really good perception of what is real and what's fake. Nine times out of ten, if I read something on social media that seems like it can't be true, it usually isn't. Whenever I look up a particularly suspicious news item on <a href="https://www.snopes.com/">Snopes</a>, and give the person who posted it the link to the truth, I've seen many complain that Snopes is liberal and has an agenda, <a href="https://www.snopes.com/about-snopes/">which is not true</a>. They say the same thing about <a href="http://www.politifact.com/">Politifact</a>, Wikipedia, <a href="http://factcheck.org/">FactCheck.org</a> or any other fact-checking, unbiased site. These sites pride themselves on being factual and unbiased, but that's apparently not enough for some people. The sites are usually run by journalists or professors and have high ethical standards.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGGO4wVY3H09Kka_GB9pH7PhwGFmyF1F2OybODJ8vQkGyb5ToOnOi2j7hqQEhDYeRPMMs6ASFusURHblF6xuj8zgJbQNz3_NFWQM_R1l3WBECMPo7Y4MEUZHETX8jQD1jvmYwvty4IOA/s1600/rhetoric.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="comic strip" border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1573" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeGGO4wVY3H09Kka_GB9pH7PhwGFmyF1F2OybODJ8vQkGyb5ToOnOi2j7hqQEhDYeRPMMs6ASFusURHblF6xuj8zgJbQNz3_NFWQM_R1l3WBECMPo7Y4MEUZHETX8jQD1jvmYwvty4IOA/s400/rhetoric.png" title="comic strip" width="400" /></a></div>
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Strangely enough, it seems that people who believe FN (probably because it fits in with their world view) don't believe it when unbiased fact-checking sites tell them that it's fake. Perhaps they're also the ones falling for the <a href="https://www.bbb.org/new-york-city/get-consumer-help/articles/the-nigerian-prince-old-scam-new-twist/">Nigerian Prince scams</a>, or the <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bill-gates-5000-giveaway/">"Bill Gates will give you money if you share this post"</a> kind of scams, too? Judging solely from what I've seen, many people seem to be in denial about reality and facts. As CBS News President David Rhodes said in this article, <a href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/CBS-News-chief-in-Jerusalem-Social-media-isnt-tackling-fake-news-544981">"part of the spread [of FN] is fueled by the fact that 'some people want to be manipulated' and would rather believe a fake version of events."</a> There's a <a href="https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/john_stuart_mill_201721">famous quote</a> by political philosopher John Stuart Mill, "Although it is not true that all conservatives are stupid people, it is true that most stupid people are conservative." I'll leave it up to the pundits and philosophers as to whether that's true or not.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU43o4ymWWYmbMd3TYQsr3QKTGvr7vnjuTbJILocBPj3gNAyIDwXyYMEoP37gyOSqM0HC6Ah77LUh_i0vjSkkq2IUp0b_aWRJOh_Hf3HXPb8NKwMD5VNta7jRPme_5EfFmaZQWBwv0JVM/s1600/howtospotfakenews.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="How to Spot Fake News" border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU43o4ymWWYmbMd3TYQsr3QKTGvr7vnjuTbJILocBPj3gNAyIDwXyYMEoP37gyOSqM0HC6Ah77LUh_i0vjSkkq2IUp0b_aWRJOh_Hf3HXPb8NKwMD5VNta7jRPme_5EfFmaZQWBwv0JVM/s400/howtospotfakenews.jpg" title="How to Spot Fake News" width="300" /></a> </div>
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No matter what one's political beliefs are, it's up to all of us as good citizens to find the truth and facts. Don't just believe whatever you read and hear, whether it's on Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube; whether it's on the evening news, CNN or FOX news. If it doesn't sound likely, or if it sounds too good to be true, look up the facts online. If the only people saying it online are right-wing sites, tabloids or FOX news, then it's probably a lie. If a news story is real, everyone covers it. Unlike what some people try to claim, news organizations mostly just care about news (and of course, getting paid for putting out the news - they are businesses as well as journalists). If there's a real story, they will all cover it. They don't want to be scooped by other news networks. If you read something in the <a href="https://www.nationalenquirer.com/">National Enquirer</a> or <a href="http://people.com/">People Magazine</a>, would you just believe it? Or would you look for better sources? There are lots of sites out there spreading FN, or that have <a href="http://www.suz2.net/2018/01/assignment-1-bias-in-cable-television.html">bias</a>, whether it's social media posts, or <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/">Breitbart</a>, or <a href="http://www.tmz.com/">TMZ</a>. They sprinkle a little truth and facts in there to make it believable, but most of what they say is skewed or outright lies. News sites like <a href="https://www.reuters.com/">Reuters</a>, <a href="https://www.apnews.com/">AP</a>; real newspapers like <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/">The New York Times</a>, <a href="http://www.latimes.com/">The Los Angeles Times</a>, and <a href="https://www.ajc.com/">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a> are well-respected news sites that don't have much bias in their news (their opinion columns are completely different and labeled as such, so you know the difference). <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/most-and-least-trusted-news-outlets-in-america-2017-3">This site</a> tells you the most unbiased and most trustworthy news organizations, and how people of all political types view them. <b><a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-venture-will-help-combat-fake-news-on-social-media-with-warning-labels/">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizswV52IH_cxC5KyXhWwEVX5xfBDuKcWK_JBSjUh35oPWHcHBSQwDuHWzwUhuQbyf6AXFsBD1mW8Tv7ze3aj_M4E_1LSNaf_cmfTQpyLlVaddEGIH-kB3YVpUHPcFL6V0Q0c2fcDHS8Xg/s1600/fakenewscartoon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="comic strip" border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="650" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizswV52IH_cxC5KyXhWwEVX5xfBDuKcWK_JBSjUh35oPWHcHBSQwDuHWzwUhuQbyf6AXFsBD1mW8Tv7ze3aj_M4E_1LSNaf_cmfTQpyLlVaddEGIH-kB3YVpUHPcFL6V0Q0c2fcDHS8Xg/s400/fakenewscartoon.jpg" title="comic strip" width="400" /></a></div>
It will be interesting to see how social media survives all of the criticism and whether they really can keep the FN out. <a href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_x2WC6cLX58J:https://techcrunch.com/2018/02/18/fake-news-is-an-existential-crisis-for-social-media/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-b-1">This article explains</a> why this task is almost impossible, and that the social media companies don't have a lot of incentive to spend much time or money on the problem. <a href="https://www.business2community.com/social-media/future-social-media-32-experts-share-2018-predictions-01973207">In another article</a>, 32 business experts were asked about the future of social media. Only two of them mentioned FN and how Facebook and Twitter would crack down on them. I think that the social media companies are hoping that the criticism will die out, but I think that it will become even stronger, especially as the next presidential election draws near. They may face even bigger challenges if they're not able to at least minimize the FN.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-LbtWUCKEMDxv_-ni8DC989PIbM_lzCku_9nNMU9WSZSD5dFFpKdRcvl3oBim8Q4kNvQu5ATgi4Vziy5sIAcmmVF2E61-4KoMO93iYZ2xGd3rMU9jz_BKuaQtkB4Iw-4Y8y2Shyphenhyphen9OfxU/s1600/cb9315ef166c632c7660fb8070e1d6f5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="comic strip" border="0" data-original-height="415" data-original-width="600" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-LbtWUCKEMDxv_-ni8DC989PIbM_lzCku_9nNMU9WSZSD5dFFpKdRcvl3oBim8Q4kNvQu5ATgi4Vziy5sIAcmmVF2E61-4KoMO93iYZ2xGd3rMU9jz_BKuaQtkB4Iw-4Y8y2Shyphenhyphen9OfxU/s400/cb9315ef166c632c7660fb8070e1d6f5.jpg" title="comic strip" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-88879749411026533862018-03-07T14:47:00.000-08:002018-03-07T22:47:51.204-08:00Brief #6 - Copyright or Fair Use<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">CBS/Paramount Versus Star Trek Fans</span></h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ_n8MDTcTttA_f6-MIlrotRgF9bwPmtMJbkBL36bxvqieRzqph7gOEcwxfP5GUYu_Io8B35eElhl4E0INSkQezwQXrH8MkDBV9gyYcnbIGbZygB8X-7rJLZjYT_qxFhApCSaDc2YXo_A/s1600/copyrights.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A Copyright Will Protect You from Pirates" border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="220" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ_n8MDTcTttA_f6-MIlrotRgF9bwPmtMJbkBL36bxvqieRzqph7gOEcwxfP5GUYu_Io8B35eElhl4E0INSkQezwQXrH8MkDBV9gyYcnbIGbZygB8X-7rJLZjYT_qxFhApCSaDc2YXo_A/s320/copyrights.jpg" title="A Copyright Will Protect You from Pirates" width="254" /></a></h2>
<a href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#102">U.S. copyright law</a> basically says that if you create something, you own it. Nobody can use it without your permission. This includes your writing (even if it’s not officially published), photos you take, artwork you make, or ideas you've created. You don't have to make any special statement or pay the copyright office to make it official, <a href="https://www.tunecore.com/blog/2011/01/why-bother-registering-your-copyright.html">although some feel that doing so helps your case</a> if you have to sue someone for stealing your work. The law protects the creators and artists from people stealing their work without paying for it or asking their permission. There are a few exceptions, such as work published before 1923 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain">public domain</a>), or very small parts of the work used (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use">fair use</a>), or work used for educational purposes (also fair use). The copyright expires 70 years after an author's death, usually. However, copyright can be renewed by the author's family or company. In 1992, that renewal became automatic. It's a little more complicated than that, but this is the simple description. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uiq42O6rhW4">Video Clip</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcQF-mnWB9y0SKplnGSflF5_aJQe_55oa1jGr3JOB1CDoLZlojT9C3XDFjpolfHn7yigkctaPTtQeE9tDdnus76Xv7qC-FpSBOviVQVFxT6P-w6j7UxlUr7ptLmj3bQroA2kpovxwN2No/s1600/napster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="How Napster worked" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcQF-mnWB9y0SKplnGSflF5_aJQe_55oa1jGr3JOB1CDoLZlojT9C3XDFjpolfHn7yigkctaPTtQeE9tDdnus76Xv7qC-FpSBOviVQVFxT6P-w6j7UxlUr7ptLmj3bQroA2kpovxwN2No/s400/napster.jpg" title="How Napster worked" width="400" /></a></div>
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There is a lot of copyright violation online because it's <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=cat+photos&num=50&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAlOWV9dvZAhVHEawKHbeyC5cQ_AUICigB&biw=1152&bih=500">so easy to do</a>, and most people and companies don't bother to press charges against others for copyright violation if the person is not making money from their work. Sometimes, the company will just send the person <a href="http://www.patent-trademark-law.com/copyrights/plagiarism-take-down-stolen-content/cease-desist-dmca-takedown/">a threatening letter</a>, telling them to take down the work, and threaten to sue them if them don't. However, if a company notices that many people are using their works without permission, even if they're not making money from it, then they will sue. This is what happened to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2000/jul/27/copyright.news">Napster</a> and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing">file-sharing</a> <a href="https://www.geek.com/gadgets/limewire-napster-the-pirate-bay-a-brief-history-of-file-sharing-1359473/">sites</a>. The music business realized that they were losing money from all of the file-sharing going on, so they put a stop to it by fining a few <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/sep/11/minnesota-woman-songs-illegally-downloaded">high-volume users</a>, which scared most others. <a href="https://www.vpnmentor.com/blog/10-best-torrent-websites/">Plenty of file-sharing still goes on</a>, but it's not nearly as easy to do now as it once was. The same is true of downloading TV shows and movies. Also, these companies started offering cheap downloads: <a href="https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1559622/seven-ways-itunes-changed-the-music-industry">$1 per song</a>, or <a href="https://www.hulu.com/family-guy">$3 to see a TV show</a>, or <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B07193L7RD/">$15 or more to see a movie</a>, which made it easier for people to get the content and not break the law. Still, most people who write blogs or have a Facebook page or small website use plenty of photos and other content from other sites without asking their permission. It's very easy to just find an image on Google images, download it and use it. Most of the time, the person doesn't even bother to say where they got the photo or information. They are risking getting one of those "cease and desist" letters, though, and a lawsuit, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKrdsGdLVQ8">which could cost them a lot of money. <b>Video Clip</b></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeNkdOnU30FDTeDlw__6bLHC2Yo1-ZTUsda7YnTOSCY9L9w6m5HoYkml8e9jPHCf6ZlN-tbLHay-HNELTX9AkudjgvNQP65z3jietjOq_LPA985sWuAsgjX2onYed-XolU6t2Y5X8bsvw/s1600/ourgang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Our Gang" border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="430" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeNkdOnU30FDTeDlw__6bLHC2Yo1-ZTUsda7YnTOSCY9L9w6m5HoYkml8e9jPHCf6ZlN-tbLHay-HNELTX9AkudjgvNQP65z3jietjOq_LPA985sWuAsgjX2onYed-XolU6t2Y5X8bsvw/s400/ourgang.jpg" title="Our Gang" width="400" /></a></div>
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Fans of TV shows, comic books and movies have been writing <a href="https://www.fanfiction.net/">fan fiction</a> (AKA Fanfic) for a long time (stories about their favorite characters). They've also been making <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_film">fan films</a> for a very long time. In fact, the first "fan film" was in 1926, and it was an "Our Gang" fan film. Once science fiction conventions came along in the 70's, fans had somewhere to show their films. Once the internet came along, fan films increased. The increase in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_access">broadband</a> and streaming in the early 2000's made them even more popular. No one cared about copyright laws because these were just for fun. They showed fans' love for their favorites, and no one was making any money from them. <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=fan+films&num=50&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=vid&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrpsDujdzZAhUNUa0KHY8aDGAQ_AUICigB&biw=1152&bih=500">They were in a legal "grey area." <b>LINKS</b></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg96wLhS4MjLD0VtMblyZJPwJXKxkHQCH5EGF82Vsf8IzK1verDn2-DJ0BYWl4uHckk-c0dsy-dKkCaTkZuTIxvbPkTZ5dugCVwg-U42ATk_ek6GC_I4iQPk1Cfm1liAx4xn2t5itMQm4/s1600/newvoyages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek: New Voyages cast" border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="1180" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg96wLhS4MjLD0VtMblyZJPwJXKxkHQCH5EGF82Vsf8IzK1verDn2-DJ0BYWl4uHckk-c0dsy-dKkCaTkZuTIxvbPkTZ5dugCVwg-U42ATk_ek6GC_I4iQPk1Cfm1liAx4xn2t5itMQm4/s400/newvoyages.jpg" title="Star Trek: New Voyages cast" width="400" /></a></div>
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There are many <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_fan_productions">Star Trek fan films and series</a>. The first online full-length fan TV series was made by "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_New_Voyages">Star Trek: New Voyages</a>." Their first episode, "Come What May" was in 2004. You could download their episodes or watch them streaming, but most people still didn't have broadband then, so downloading was the better option. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cawley">James Cawley</a> was the writer, director, producer and star of the show. He also used to do Elvis impersonations, and you can tell that by looking at him. He played Captain Kirk in the production (Cawley left the role of Kirk to focus more on production. Brian Gross played Kirk in the second half of the 10 episodes). He made beautiful sets that look just like the original ones from the 1960's TV show. The script was so-so, but it did seem a lot like an old Star Trek episode. To me, it seemed like something between an amateur and professional production. Their acting was fine, but the timing was a little off, either because of bad directing or editing. However, by their next episode, and the one after that, they had improved quite a lot. For long-time Trekkies, it was great to watch more Star Trek episodes with our favorite characters (even if they were played by different actors). They soon had some great guest-stars from the original Star Trek episodes as well as real Star Trek writers doing their shows. They were <a href="https://nerdbeach.com/star-trek-new-voyages-are-2008-hugo-award-nominees/">nominated for the prestigious Hugo award</a>, among other things.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCkxwocDze43XGhvUptIRFQ"> <b>Videos</b></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRn-gKfZC8qaOXvsYFpmG2B_zoTujMBf0NtPdLd87rAGT1_3C8JR_WL2mxkv0lREXQFCgBABL_6q-vuBoyaDEqRl-JwwkKRlim4SQSbSS_pRs1FMySQ420fWZ3RgyY1u1g8Q8df3St6ds/s1600/trekcontinues.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek: Continues cast" border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="750" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRn-gKfZC8qaOXvsYFpmG2B_zoTujMBf0NtPdLd87rAGT1_3C8JR_WL2mxkv0lREXQFCgBABL_6q-vuBoyaDEqRl-JwwkKRlim4SQSbSS_pRs1FMySQ420fWZ3RgyY1u1g8Q8df3St6ds/s400/trekcontinues.jpg" title="Star Trek: Continues cast" width="400" /></a></div>
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Another popular Star Trek fan film series is "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_Continues">Star Trek: Continues</a>." Just like "Star Trek: New Voyages," it continued the 5-year mission of the Enterprise. They, too, had some guest-stars from the real Star Trek series. I haven't watched it, but I hear from friends that it's very good. CBS/Paramount, who owns the rights to the Star Trek series, allowed these shows to flourish because no one was making any money on them. They didn't bother suing them for copyright because they knew that it increased Star Trek fandom, so that fans would continue to go to the Star Trek movies, watch any Star Trek shows, and buy Star Trek merchandise. The son of Gene Roddenberry, creator of "Star Trek," is behind this one. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqBfJMOAgxpLooYH0WkLpmw">Videos</a></b> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUCy5J5UZ2Ak6XW9CJn2d6_6cVjLOekkRVXBcAqZWm-Xp5OAiAbHImNUfo2cnUG6_-RjRTcd0Yp2wk488Az-As9amFPKzaaNbVi6etf1dzTUjbmkW5kjEvqQLPOfF__XlMHjKxelPkK-Q/s1600/ABornstein_PreludetoAxanarOSTCOVER.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Prelude to Axanar" border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="296" height="337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUCy5J5UZ2Ak6XW9CJn2d6_6cVjLOekkRVXBcAqZWm-Xp5OAiAbHImNUfo2cnUG6_-RjRTcd0Yp2wk488Az-As9amFPKzaaNbVi6etf1dzTUjbmkW5kjEvqQLPOfF__XlMHjKxelPkK-Q/s400/ABornstein_PreludetoAxanarOSTCOVER.jpg" title="Prelude to Axanar" width="400" /></a></div>
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A short film "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_Axanar">Prelude to Axanar</a>" was produced in 2014. The group, <a href="http://www.axanarproductions.com/">Axanar Productions</a>, raised money on <a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/">Kickstarter</a> to finance it, just as "Star Trek: Continues" had done previously. Like all of the others, this was a fun fan film, not made for profit. However, they did raise $100,000 for their film, instead of the $10,000 they were shooting for. The film was a huge hit with fans. It was very professional and had real actors, including ones from the Star Trek series. The acting and writing were outstanding and praised by many. It felt like a real Star Trek film, even though it didn't cost millions of dollars, like those do. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zh4JbLhH_8w">Trailer</a></b> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggi7J_jog1EBK-cSTkJlMlwFFmUwO2RUZdnrRNuZixR8heeC5fqwzt3MzPyjO42amotUBRlOI33sVBbb4BDSEpkA6i6uQHpkDh4DrXQbZRApLLdOwfxX2M0JKK3XnhZdU31KDSB0OH6GM/s1600/chekov-careful.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek animated GIF of Chekov and Sulu" border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="512" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggi7J_jog1EBK-cSTkJlMlwFFmUwO2RUZdnrRNuZixR8heeC5fqwzt3MzPyjO42amotUBRlOI33sVBbb4BDSEpkA6i6uQHpkDh4DrXQbZRApLLdOwfxX2M0JKK3XnhZdU31KDSB0OH6GM/s400/chekov-careful.gif" title="Star Trek animated GIF of Chekov and Sulu" width="400" /></a></div>
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Apparently, CBS/Paramount felt threatened by Axanar, so <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/14/star-trek-fan-movie-slapped-with-cbs-paramount-lawsuit-report.html">they sued them</a> in 2015 for copyright violation. In January, 2017, <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/cbs-paramount-settle-lawsuit-star-trek-fan-film-966433">they settled the lawsuit</a>. The Axanar filmmakers agreed to CBS/Paramount’s guidelines for their next film, and they will make two 15-minute films instead of the 90-minute film they had planned. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5NnKPQMb6Q">Video</a></b> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinBVhUghg8DMTRVbwbmtHyDZW0Ot9lkgL1GDPZN-zsHWguCxz5lTkYPic2r09MiOSC0U1BOlx6MGMX0JqdTYCYlb1UBNvi_8zKwT9ZtnmlFUm6nCnzO_bMHbEgg_qH6XJy2EerNjSRpZ4/s1600/star-trek-fans1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek fans" border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="620" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinBVhUghg8DMTRVbwbmtHyDZW0Ot9lkgL1GDPZN-zsHWguCxz5lTkYPic2r09MiOSC0U1BOlx6MGMX0JqdTYCYlb1UBNvi_8zKwT9ZtnmlFUm6nCnzO_bMHbEgg_qH6XJy2EerNjSRpZ4/s400/star-trek-fans1.jpg" title="Star Trek fans" width="400" /></a></div>
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In 2016, they issued <a href="http://www.startrek.com/fan-films">a list of guidelines</a> for future fan films to use. These are very restrictive guidelines that will prevent any future Star Trek fan shows or films from being longer than 15 minutes. Also, they're no longer able to use any real professional actors (former Star Trek actors or otherwise), or make their own Star Trek costumes or props, or spend more than $50,000. It's pretty limiting. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=it-6YP8e-B4">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSI_crCg8B1ZROcbQvM62vR-d-I0J9fwHAi5QOK-F9hqN5QV_eQKYMRsUtiWteIng5W67RyLaJg8D_SjVrSBeqeAKekSVJUxPzclCgY4vEsDzzoxIKsazOjiHyr3Z-cfY9IeT4XY6CgWA/s1600/std.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek: Discovery" border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSI_crCg8B1ZROcbQvM62vR-d-I0J9fwHAi5QOK-F9hqN5QV_eQKYMRsUtiWteIng5W67RyLaJg8D_SjVrSBeqeAKekSVJUxPzclCgY4vEsDzzoxIKsazOjiHyr3Z-cfY9IeT4XY6CgWA/s400/std.jpg" title="Star Trek: Discovery" width="400" /></a></div>
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It seems clear that CBS/Paramount was alarmed by the professional quality of Axanar; they felt threatened that fans would watch those shows instead of their own Star Trek franchise. The last Star Trek movie, "<a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2660888/">Star Trek: Beyond</a>," was released in 2016, and <a href="http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/star-trek/257081/star-trek-4-release-date-cast-story-news">another film was announced</a> early this year, with the same cast (and possibly directed by Quentin Tarantino). The new series, "<a href="https://www.cbs.com/shows/star-trek-discovery/">Star Trek: Discovery</a>" debuted this past Fall on <a href="https://www.cbs.com/all-access/account/">CBS All Access</a>. CBS is really <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/31/cbss-streaming-service-debuts-a-10-per-month-ad-free-tier/">pinning their hopes</a> on the success of "Star Trek: Discovery" and its other original shows, to get more subscribers for All Access, to compete with <a href="https://www.netflix.com/">Netflix</a>/<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/storefront/ref=sv_atv_0?ie=UTF8&merchId=originals1">Amazon</a>/<a href="https://www.hulu.com/">Hulu</a>. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCM_pIPnw1A">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQoSqxnoVzqgOnI6bIeUhPZ_BAb1pjatlKek8aeze4aRIGGxUyOeC4io46Enq4c5lZ9FS1BnUAZaFYdm6KplksWNI42XFrKlLhZgxcMv7C9JVJIoIo9TETU58-foLB_5Ltjt5HuaeD7I/s1600/moviecast.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek movies cast" border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTQoSqxnoVzqgOnI6bIeUhPZ_BAb1pjatlKek8aeze4aRIGGxUyOeC4io46Enq4c5lZ9FS1BnUAZaFYdm6KplksWNI42XFrKlLhZgxcMv7C9JVJIoIo9TETU58-foLB_5Ltjt5HuaeD7I/s400/moviecast.jpg" title="Star Trek movies cast" width="400" /></a></div>
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In this context, it makes sense why CBS/Paramount might object to these fan films or shows. However, in my opinion, it makes them look very bad to come down so hard on fans and to issue such ridiculous rules. They already have <a href="http://www.vulture.com/2013/05/star-trek-hate-jj-abrams-into-darkness.html">upset a lot of older Star Trek fans with the reboot movies</a>, and with <a href="https://www.wired.com/2017/12/geeks-guide-star-trek-discovery/">charging people to watch the recent series</a>, so this lawsuit doesn't help CBS/Paramount's image. It seems like their attitude is, "Star Trek fans will watch any Star Trek stuff we make, no matter how much they hate us." I'm not sure that's true. You really can't underestimate devoted fans; nor can you deliberately cause bad PR and expect people to forget about it. Those who grew up watching the original Star Trek believe that it was about hope, love, peace and uniting with our fellow creatures for the greater good, not about making money or lawsuits. Unfortunately, CBS/Paramount is a corporation, and they operate in the world of making profits and answering to shareholders. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/star-trek-discovery-movie-axanar-lawsuit-news-copyright-laws-creative-commons-831612">A recent Newsweek article</a> argued that copyright laws should be loosened and that Star Trek should lead the way, bringing us inevitably into that Utopia imagined by the Star Trek creators. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dxe_ugmIVM">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9CQxN2NvHdoPVhEq20hn1aAtG4pCjQi_tDy-_rTbYOifNEBtYilUWJC9KGjxoFHnIi58H8kvpZ6ud55HxBasdB1VWl9wtjeayjcS1wjaJK1hcc-b_b_N_OhLpCzJznI3qXGhWUogcAi8/s1600/12STARTREK1-master1050.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="1050" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9CQxN2NvHdoPVhEq20hn1aAtG4pCjQi_tDy-_rTbYOifNEBtYilUWJC9KGjxoFHnIi58H8kvpZ6ud55HxBasdB1VWl9wtjeayjcS1wjaJK1hcc-b_b_N_OhLpCzJznI3qXGhWUogcAi8/s400/12STARTREK1-master1050.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Meanwhile, James Cawley stopped making episodes of "<a href="http://www.stnv.de/">Star Trek: New Voyages</a>" (because of the new guidelines); you can take a tour of his Star Trek sets in Ticonderoga, New York. "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_Continues">Star Trek: Continues</a>" finished their 5-year mission (still violating the new guidelines) and quit. "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Renegades">Star Trek: Renegades</a>" took the name "Star Trek" and all of the "Star Trek"-related logos off their production. <a href="http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/11-star-trek-fan-films-ranked">Fans are still making new fan films and TV shows</a>. Some follow the restrictions, and some don't. Whether there will be more lawsuits from CBS/Paramount is anyone's guess. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=star+trek+fan+films">Links</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2kglzUd-JpxAE-p8iGNwkPgSV4SPDrE_j_Ml8amOrxC37qBGF3unj-7gT9GXk-x1fdb5-p1VfkDXlUhkqRr_33Kex-0dAHzp9Y8NNPhDR0QmlJeYQUGkduqmtPOkVIkGkPhgRS7oqicA/s1600/orville.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2kglzUd-JpxAE-p8iGNwkPgSV4SPDrE_j_Ml8amOrxC37qBGF3unj-7gT9GXk-x1fdb5-p1VfkDXlUhkqRr_33Kex-0dAHzp9Y8NNPhDR0QmlJeYQUGkduqmtPOkVIkGkPhgRS7oqicA/s400/orville.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Perhaps to win back some good PR, CBS/Paramount announced last summer that they will partner with Cawley to <a href="http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/cbs-announces-film-academy-for-star-trek-fan-films">make a Star Trek Fan Film Academy</a>. In September, FOX created a new show called "<a href="https://www.fox.com/the-orville/">The Orville</a>" that seems to be a very good Star Trek spoof that just barely gets past the copyright laws. <a href="https://www.cbr.com/orville-writers-explain-why-star-trek-fans-dont-like-discovery/">Many fans prefer this show</a> to the other recent official Star Trek efforts. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdU4devIEhM">Video</a></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiY6B5Ix9sUo-hOri2OfgNqBTkhgaG-DMqKrbK7CPj-5WyXTX6cXs8diPhA3R0XhBd_ju1f6k0KSmfva3Smx05zVoYiUvH5DRDjLDMyNsqHucLMrvu-CP6eWtK0Z1c89HFcUwwM-sYL1U/s1600/trek1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Star Trek original cast" border="0" data-original-height="583" data-original-width="995" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiY6B5Ix9sUo-hOri2OfgNqBTkhgaG-DMqKrbK7CPj-5WyXTX6cXs8diPhA3R0XhBd_ju1f6k0KSmfva3Smx05zVoYiUvH5DRDjLDMyNsqHucLMrvu-CP6eWtK0Z1c89HFcUwwM-sYL1U/s400/trek1.png" title="Star Trek original cast" width="400" /></a></div>
Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-31430463803937865092018-02-21T21:29:00.002-08:002018-03-14T20:17:56.982-07:00Brief #5: Reporter's Privilege<h3>
Learning about Reporter's Privilege and Shield Laws</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNyb_5PpV8Rb2qKAGu5TMz_XxnAeIbtXUsdYCIs1798uZZxvvj6XE9OnigEZLPn17RmjOtSbu8uHQjREJn962NUCGmABpGQ46kerRUj55SVpNwiH9jNXKWfICYe1hyphenhyphenlUWmxRtYA9HMGg/s1600/pic4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Some common types and forms of privilege" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNyb_5PpV8Rb2qKAGu5TMz_XxnAeIbtXUsdYCIs1798uZZxvvj6XE9OnigEZLPn17RmjOtSbu8uHQjREJn962NUCGmABpGQ46kerRUj55SVpNwiH9jNXKWfICYe1hyphenhyphenlUWmxRtYA9HMGg/s320/pic4.jpg" title="Some common types and forms of privilege" width="320" /></a></div>
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I'd never heard of Reporter's Privilege, but it's apparently very similar to shield laws. Reporter's Privilege is "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter%27s_privilege">the right of a reporter to not testify about confidential information or to reveal his or her source</a>."
There are certain rules or laws in the U.S. that everyone should
uphold, including the courts. These are not just based on constitutional
law, but on basic human rights. A reporter's right to protect their
source is as important as the priest's right to keep the confessional
secret, or doctor-patient confidentiality, or lawyer-client
confidentiality. These may all differ slightly, but in each case, the
professional (in this case, the reporter) must have that legal
protection in order to get the information from their informant.
Otherwise, many sources would not come forth. They would not be able to
trust that the reporter would keep their name private. News sources
must be protected, or else the person leaves him/herself open to
reprisal from co-workers, bosses, police, criminals or worse. The
system works because the reporter is able to get the information without
revealing who told the information. Without that protection, they would
not be able to get the story or tell us the important news. <a href="https://theintercept.com/2018/02/07/laquan-mcdonald-case-first-amdendment/">Reporters would be leaving themselves open to prosecution and could incur many legal expenses.</a> These press freedoms are the cornerstone of our democracy.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFAEM7DjDC5DyEF33F-sMYiNH6L-7jp-zb89TI30Lphp2Q_DcHw34SK2zXGdHJ2dwm2aTzeHewgp-gBVGInj2hyPpTRz4066U16mx9aFMGSgMOL8_Cn_j-6YvKGt3JQLsX0-pq851G6A/s1600/pic3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Is there need for a reporter's privilege?" border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="638" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFAEM7DjDC5DyEF33F-sMYiNH6L-7jp-zb89TI30Lphp2Q_DcHw34SK2zXGdHJ2dwm2aTzeHewgp-gBVGInj2hyPpTRz4066U16mx9aFMGSgMOL8_Cn_j-6YvKGt3JQLsX0-pq851G6A/s320/pic3.jpg" title="Is there need for a reporter's privilege?" width="320" /></a></div>
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Most of the courts in the U.S. have upheld reporter's privilege. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit">Only
the fourth circuit federal court of appeals, which is based in
Richmond, VA and covers District of Maryland and the Eastern part of
North Carolina,</a> has said that it doesn't exist. Nonetheless, there
are always lawyers, police, government employees and judges seeking to
subvert reporter's privilege every week, like<a href="https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/County-Lawyers-Demand-Research-Notes-From-Local-Journalist-473242543.html"> this reporter in San Diego</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_of_sources">This happens in other countries all of the time, too.</a> <a href="https://ipolitics.ca/2018/02/13/quebec-judge-applies-s-231-throw-demand-journalists-name-sources/">Last week in Canada, they tested a new law there to protect reporters from revealing their sources.</a> <a href="https://weishenlawproject.wordpress.com/shield-law-in-other-countries/"> Many other Western countries besides the U.S. and Canada have shield laws and freedom of expression.</a> However, these laws have qualifiers and are not absolute, and there is no federal shield law in the U.S. <a href="https://www.cjr.org/united_states_project/journalists_privilege_shield_law_primer.php">Those are two of the many reasons that the reporter's privilege and shield laws are always being challenged.</a> I couldn't find a list of the countries without shield laws, but this<a href="https://rsf.org/en/ranking"> list of countries from the World Press Freedom Index</a>
helps us determine which countries treat journalists the worst (which
probably includes lack of shield laws or reporter's privilege).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJjZ3NerA2czIk0UP_9eREpC2A4ggtzylSfc92Fux0za9ZutdXSy-L2qspOXHn6TxmnPR9mYDZK83vR8u2y6YpIRazIWfURvEwFV7NeEMN5UOCnr6qBD3DoVYCCEFFz9tQRrhzEXNFbg/s1600/pic1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cartoon of a judge using his gavel to knock down the reporter's castle" border="0" data-original-height="229" data-original-width="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJjZ3NerA2czIk0UP_9eREpC2A4ggtzylSfc92Fux0za9ZutdXSy-L2qspOXHn6TxmnPR9mYDZK83vR8u2y6YpIRazIWfURvEwFV7NeEMN5UOCnr6qBD3DoVYCCEFFz9tQRrhzEXNFbg/s1600/pic1.jpg" title="cartoon of a judge using his gavel to knock down the reporter's castle" /></a></div>
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Although reporter's privilege has been around a long time, it's only been addressed by the Supreme Court once, in <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branzburg_v._Hayes" title="Branzburg v. Hayes">Branzburg v. Hayes</a>. </i>This
case in 1972 decided that "in federal courts, a reporter may not
generally avoid testifying in a criminal grand jury." The judges
declared that the press did well enough without the constitutional
protection. However, they did maintain that the only time a reporter can
be compelled to testify is if the testimony is aligned with
"overwhelming and compelling state interest." Many courts have
interpreted this to mean that reporter's privilege does exist, except in
rare cases. We won't ever have a completely free press until the courts
declare that reporter's privilege exists, without exception, or we have
a federal shield law. For the most part, it appears that many reporters
in the U.S. act as if these things already occur, since they <a href="https://www.rcfp.org/first-amendment-handbook/4-confidential-sources-and-information/internet-issues-reporters-obligation">routinely face jail</a>
for not revealing their sources. Others are more cautious and do reveal
their sources. As I mentioned before, reporters can also face breach of
promise law suits if they don't maintain confidentiality.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGl30Q2R1lFLwIyAEWj9g3lhWSqybQocwJzNg0fkmff3TIKWQan06iTd8uRzDIJRqGcuWCwTsdcJ6bLl3YV-ju6aDprmHmB3IguzDs9w2YzrQbRo9PYMAY4h6lGx1y7fFdtVcgUbQStQ/s1600/pic2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Lois Lane's speech in 1972 about being a reporter" border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGl30Q2R1lFLwIyAEWj9g3lhWSqybQocwJzNg0fkmff3TIKWQan06iTd8uRzDIJRqGcuWCwTsdcJ6bLl3YV-ju6aDprmHmB3IguzDs9w2YzrQbRo9PYMAY4h6lGx1y7fFdtVcgUbQStQ/s320/pic2.jpg" title="Lois Lane's speech in 1972 about being a reporter" width="290" /></a></div>
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<br />Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-2964911802916713182018-02-15T01:23:00.002-08:002018-02-15T02:11:48.756-08:00Brief #4: Plagiarism<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBcShFyaJyhnryjVEdFn3lNjt838RlKgqvnDtcNbcaoeeh2h8OkXGelGawZQdUB9rLJa5P6brcJcPGGMv1ri-GSCLt4GpJml-8pEPDVJHO3-k7kwswLgf7VmRfIE5ytcQuHlQMDhF-rGY/s1600/company-plagiarism.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="plagiarism word cloud" border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBcShFyaJyhnryjVEdFn3lNjt838RlKgqvnDtcNbcaoeeh2h8OkXGelGawZQdUB9rLJa5P6brcJcPGGMv1ri-GSCLt4GpJml-8pEPDVJHO3-k7kwswLgf7VmRfIE5ytcQuHlQMDhF-rGY/s1600/company-plagiarism.png" title="plagiarism word cloud" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2017/08/16/what-parents-need-to-know-about-plagiarism/">Many people in this world plagiarize.</a> When we're in school, we're probably all tempted to copy the answers from the smart kids' papers or tests. We're taught by our parents and teachers that copying is bad and dishonest. Many students keep cheating, anyway. Some people never learn this lesson and carry it on to adulthood.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdoHo1lTgeAo9k1PKzeGzuepEPIxtzlkhZprKrr1lxAwDCn47m3quD_DGEOOXA3sIrjA2NwY7st2GWzEd-yTDEC2_bx0bWbjwvH4TKLkXkRsRmaQecrxSmcKqhhWFDdi25Cmk7lCAzbXk/s1600/kids.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="262" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdoHo1lTgeAo9k1PKzeGzuepEPIxtzlkhZprKrr1lxAwDCn47m3quD_DGEOOXA3sIrjA2NwY7st2GWzEd-yTDEC2_bx0bWbjwvH4TKLkXkRsRmaQecrxSmcKqhhWFDdi25Cmk7lCAzbXk/s400/kids.jpg" width="303" /></a></div>
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I was a teacher, briefly from 1989-1991. I taught 6th through 8th grade. The 8th graders cheated way more than the younger grades. They did whatever they could get away with, and they were often caught. Two students I recall in particular used to copy each other's homework. The trouble was that one of those students was very smart, and the other one was not, so it was pretty obvious, especially when their answers were exactly the same, word-for-word, including misspelled words. I'm sure every teacher and professor has stories like this. <a href="https://www.familyeducation.com/life/stealing/why-kids-steal-what-do-about-it">When you're a child, you take risks like that because it's part of pushing the boundaries of authority and finding your place in the world.</a><br />
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Plagiarizers include every type of person from students to professors and teachers; from authors to journalists, to musicians and politicians. They often get caught, and you can <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=plagiarism+scandal&num=50&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYi_-V1afZAhULx2MKHX2PDYYQ_AUICigB&biw=1152&bih=500">read about the scandals</a> involving that in the news all of the time. It's not shocking any more.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRITnJzxyjCiCaDc73u2huEz7uJm3_OBOxY6-h1sVVGDqKBbuF6YHVi6ZQcoW-5nsbluYunkuWIZ5ytUXfIz021SwsoBAUHfon6gqyD_13qoBkyO31LoTfP6nzFy9DFf4EtOE0Cjt49fY/s1600/biden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Joe Biden" border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="570" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRITnJzxyjCiCaDc73u2huEz7uJm3_OBOxY6-h1sVVGDqKBbuF6YHVi6ZQcoW-5nsbluYunkuWIZ5ytUXfIz021SwsoBAUHfon6gqyD_13qoBkyO31LoTfP6nzFy9DFf4EtOE0Cjt49fY/s320/biden.jpg" title="Joe Biden" width="214" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://wtvr.com/2016/07/19/joe-biden-plagiarism/">One of the most famous cases of plagiarism came from Vice President Joe Biden when he was running for president years ago.</a> He made a speech during his campaign that sounded a lot like a speech made by a member of Parliament that same year. Biden claims that he didn't do it on purpose. If you're a very smart person, with a good memory, it's very easy to hear a phrase and then turn around and use it yourself, without even realizing it. The current first lady, Melania Trump, also was criticized when she made a speech that used a lot of the same phrases as a previous speech given by the former first lady Michelle Obama. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcbiGsDMmCM">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiolDPMYjbPsDEpTGFgt6b5fazq8w9hoSYvoZQnb5EQymKlDRLBVqW6x1QFencXgYdDpAbbVC9UhY37YuxPSAvAm4LYg3WuTLHIgfIfjZePQg9nZ5Vn4OyqOR5WvQ6nidSwybV52wH_uOw/s1600/blair.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Jayson Blair" border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="240" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiolDPMYjbPsDEpTGFgt6b5fazq8w9hoSYvoZQnb5EQymKlDRLBVqW6x1QFencXgYdDpAbbVC9UhY37YuxPSAvAm4LYg3WuTLHIgfIfjZePQg9nZ5Vn4OyqOR5WvQ6nidSwybV52wH_uOw/s320/blair.jpg" title="Jayson Blair" width="213" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://reporterslab.org/jayson-blair-opens-past/">One of the most famous plagiarism cases was discovered when reporter Jayson Blair of the New York Times resigned in disgrace in 2003</a> after we learned that he not only plagiarized, but he made up stories. He wrote a book about it and claimed that he was bipolar. It was mostly shocking because it happened at the New York Times, a well-respected newspaper, and because we weren't used to hearing about these things in the news yet. <a href="http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/films/fragile-trust/">Video </a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEielo0IXoTy554pY50XBJHlDUp9dppHdwOyWgRIY9ATu8d5BaRBMgsqkhBh5YR-2gECueNpzKMRFN8Gn5SjsLeOcBI_5ZhEXd1Q-rUrlGb1EFJquA8XuLYfJTdi-dH8ayKVvbko-FCw03k/s1600/plagiarism-vs-cheating-what-is-the-difference-1-728.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cartoon" border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="728" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEielo0IXoTy554pY50XBJHlDUp9dppHdwOyWgRIY9ATu8d5BaRBMgsqkhBh5YR-2gECueNpzKMRFN8Gn5SjsLeOcBI_5ZhEXd1Q-rUrlGb1EFJquA8XuLYfJTdi-dH8ayKVvbko-FCw03k/s320/plagiarism-vs-cheating-what-is-the-difference-1-728.jpg" title="cartoon" width="320" /></a></div>
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There are web sites <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/nancy-laws/the-shocking-truth-about-_5_b_7041934.html">where you can buy papers you haven't written</a>. There is also software, like <a href="https://www.grammarcheck.net/review-10-sites-that-check-for-plagiarism/">plagiarism filters</a>, that can help the professors find out if you bought one of these papers. Students are caught all the time cheating. Some students just use a fellow student's paper, or one they used in another class, which is also considered cheating. It's much easier for students to plagiarize now because of the internet. <a href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/A-Positive-Solution-for/134498">Each university handles punishment for plagiarism differently.</a> Some students cheat on purpose, whereas others are engaging in accidental plagiarism. Either they're unconsciously using the same phrases (such as Biden claimed), or they don't understand how to quote or attribute correctly. Consequences of getting caught stealing others' words may include failing the assignment; failing the class; or being kicked out of school entirely. It's never seemed like a worthwhile risk to me. <a href="https://web.saumag.edu/library/home/academic-integrity/">SAU Plagiarism Policy</a><br />
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For journalists or other public figures, it seems even more risky. Before Joe Biden ran for president again, and became vice-president, he was known as "that guy who plagiarized." <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-photos-bio-accomplishments-2020-contender-vp-senator-2017-11">He had to work hard to overcome that label</a>. Jayson Blair and many others may never be able to live down the infamy of being fired for their lack of journalistic ethics.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj71yo-yZoIYPXb73-X3jDBfs8Ks5cbjXxnZEVj55xamRsb3El1zHuIVBxOvIHmK1WLZ0WIgQY2x1G_f7-EU2_b8ox3tEHQHWpFEYWt6yUUo44mm40JVG4X6BxwuThGKFYx_eqhCfM2rrE/s1600/shakespeare.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Shakespeare" border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj71yo-yZoIYPXb73-X3jDBfs8Ks5cbjXxnZEVj55xamRsb3El1zHuIVBxOvIHmK1WLZ0WIgQY2x1G_f7-EU2_b8ox3tEHQHWpFEYWt6yUUo44mm40JVG4X6BxwuThGKFYx_eqhCfM2rrE/s1600/shakespeare.jpg" title="Shakespeare" /></a></div>
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Just recently, <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/shakespeare-george-noth-manuscript-plagiarism-software-brief-discourse-of-rebellion-macbeth-richard-a8204281.html">scholars have used plagiarism software on Shakespeare's works</a> and found that he may have stolen many of his phrases from an earlier, lesser-known scholar, George North. If this is true, then perhaps present-day plagiarizers will know they're in good company. If Shakespeare, arguably the world's most famous writer in history, stole from another writer, then no writing can be considered sacred. Shakespeare's writing has been under scrutiny for a very long time. <a href="http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/did-shakespeare-really-write-his-own-plays">Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe and Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford</a> were all writers back in Shakespeare's day who scholars considered to possibly be some of the real writers of his works. Not much is known about Shakespeare's early days, and his humble beginnings, which adds to the mystery. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/07/books/plagiarism-software-unveils-a-new-source-for-11-of-shakespeares-plays.html">Some contend that Shakespeare was merely influenced by North's work</a> -- that he didn't actually plagiarize. We'll probably never know for sure. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDPRxAYMdsY">Video</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZitY9yPLA7hdwBNewfGuxu9JnAHoD2_Ib5s4GI54oE-7wXWM76MG54pgodK8RAbwKOHLPO0eXccODjad4YxJmqyhFhjS8N0Gg3MJFV8iOXKe5joSBqdEicwj64OpmFbpnifPebcQa87c/s1600/self-plagiarism-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cartoon" border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZitY9yPLA7hdwBNewfGuxu9JnAHoD2_Ib5s4GI54oE-7wXWM76MG54pgodK8RAbwKOHLPO0eXccODjad4YxJmqyhFhjS8N0Gg3MJFV8iOXKe5joSBqdEicwj64OpmFbpnifPebcQa87c/s1600/self-plagiarism-2.jpg" title="cartoon" /></a></div>
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It hardly matters now whether a writer back in the 16th century wrote his own works or not. He and all of the others are long-dead. <a href="http://online.sfsu.edu/rone/StudentHelp/Plagiarism.html"> It does matter now if students or journalists plagiarize.</a> If a student buys a paper, then they're getting credit for something they didn't write. You shouldn't get a good grade for work you didn't do. You're not learning that way, and it's not fair to the other students who did work hard. If a student steals information from a website or book, and they don't attribute their quotes or ideas properly, then they're not learning how to write and quote properly. They could get in more serious trouble later on, as Blair and others have.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidZh4sw4vrto3B3Ud0ebBxGUWmSUk0f8gXA8qKbvT9GCA8KSRCBMu7syxfgfoNXl720VQmk_MSsdTswBU3h7WqJ01Tpx9DboDQP-MbZpYuzCmcLprk_3S-zx8raFsowKLoYRsT2hvUM4g/s1600/dan+rather+cartoon.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Bloom Country comic strip" border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidZh4sw4vrto3B3Ud0ebBxGUWmSUk0f8gXA8qKbvT9GCA8KSRCBMu7syxfgfoNXl720VQmk_MSsdTswBU3h7WqJ01Tpx9DboDQP-MbZpYuzCmcLprk_3S-zx8raFsowKLoYRsT2hvUM4g/s1600/dan+rather+cartoon.gif" title="Bloom Country comic strip" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://howtojournalist.com/what-is-plagiarism-why-its-bad-and-how-to-avoid-it/">If a journalist lies or cheats, then their entire work history, and the company they work for, is called into question</a>. A journalists' ethics are the most important part of their job. When someone reads a newspaper, magazine or website, they expect it to have the truth most of the time. If that entity hires someone who just made up stories, or steals from someone else, then you won't want to read them again because they're not trustworthy. If you read the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/">New York Times</a>, you don't expect it to be full of lies like <a href="https://www.nationalenquirer.com/">The National Enquirer</a>. The plagiarizer is not just lying but violating the public trust.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSLGjtbOdJeYivxfef7e7ycdHHBe2lGhyphenhyphen84Wssk0A6JHJ0_2IRCpz3DqiMZKflxZqihKQEszDHQdqav5VcLyU0Xclnr10TYOvSZz0GTWu2ZLt8-xdm5R8XIQ2YMUg4gH1xubQRBtJlLYM/s1600/whatisPlagiarism.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="What is plagiarism chart" border="0" data-original-height="889" data-original-width="1269" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSLGjtbOdJeYivxfef7e7ycdHHBe2lGhyphenhyphen84Wssk0A6JHJ0_2IRCpz3DqiMZKflxZqihKQEszDHQdqav5VcLyU0Xclnr10TYOvSZz0GTWu2ZLt8-xdm5R8XIQ2YMUg4gH1xubQRBtJlLYM/s400/whatisPlagiarism.jpg" title="What is plagiarism chart" width="400" /></a></div>
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Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-71334416228472318532018-02-06T21:09:00.000-08:002018-02-08T09:24:29.693-08:00Brief #3: Advertising Ethics<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7CLvIPh6n-FqW-v0A1aN7TGYyFJFgfpSpJ8erOK9Kjs6IGyJZeZbILOhReh9kgYKB7hTacCwgCvpvJe4n-JEQVd2HDRn_Po8mD6Gbu3nlzOlyJzOMGAiMQE4YsR_HPCEw5Z9siVbKa20/s1600/pepsiad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Controversial Pepsi ad from last year with Kylie Jenner" border="0" data-original-height="1201" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7CLvIPh6n-FqW-v0A1aN7TGYyFJFgfpSpJ8erOK9Kjs6IGyJZeZbILOhReh9kgYKB7hTacCwgCvpvJe4n-JEQVd2HDRn_Po8mD6Gbu3nlzOlyJzOMGAiMQE4YsR_HPCEw5Z9siVbKa20/s320/pepsiad.jpg" title="Controversial Pepsi ad from last year with Kylie Jenner" width="320" /></a></div>
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Advertising comes in <a href="https://www.thebalance.com/different-types-of-advertising-methods-38548">many forms</a>. <a href="https://contently.com/strategist/2015/09/08/article-or-ad-when-it-comes-to-native-no-one-knows/">Sometimes we're not sure</a> whether something is an ad or not. We're all very familiar with <a href="https://www.ispot.tv/browse">TV commercials</a>, which are the most obvious ads. However, there is also the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infomercial">infomercial</a>, which is a whole program designed to sell you something (and sometimes they can <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4iRCfU1JS8">even be entertaining</a> <b><--Video Link</b>).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmT6YH-5rCzmO-7qnQNH0pMym_hj7CHbOsl5PGyxv0K9RytG26wSBZyV89YCIP6K5ZD9IRqhC5bllPcO0iRYl6gfhRY9QmTAxSIyKfu6DktUnBe8T3SYQs2xG5fC7Vf1jGNmoImlxKPbk/s1600/rolex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Rolex ad in Vanity Fair December, 2017" border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="800" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmT6YH-5rCzmO-7qnQNH0pMym_hj7CHbOsl5PGyxv0K9RytG26wSBZyV89YCIP6K5ZD9IRqhC5bllPcO0iRYl6gfhRY9QmTAxSIyKfu6DktUnBe8T3SYQs2xG5fC7Vf1jGNmoImlxKPbk/s320/rolex.jpg" title="Rolex ad in Vanity Fair December, 2017" width="320" /></a></div>
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Magazine and newspaper ads used to be the second most obvious group, but sometimes it's hard to tell, when you're reading a magazine, if the page is an ad or not, such as the Rolex ad above. This ad was also a <a href="https://dailycommercials.com/rolex-celebrating-cinema/">great commercial</a> during the Oscars last year. Some of the ads are so deceptive that they put "advertising" or "sponsor" in very small letters, and the ad is related to the subject of the magazine. These are called "<a href="https://sharethrough.com/nativeadvertising/">native ads</a>," and they're very big right now in online ads. <a href="http://www.adweek.com/creativity/10-great-magazine-ads-dont-just-sit-there-looking-pretty-132401/">Sometimes the magazine ad is even interactive</a>. On the internet, sometimes ads are obvious, and other times they're very deceptive. Most of the time, these ads fall well within the guidelines of legality.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kRNlE-8R0yjDBalMimi_m-VuUJrwpOi47wOJXWjhT6_6_ywg82oe21WMCvtKo2aUWr0Bc1T_gisokFv2w_8qYK01ZeMC-M6GqMufWQz10qIj6fIwWcbaAJfihbWJWBZgt_H8q4WMdKY/s1600/matthewlesko021811.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Matthew Lesko" border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="500" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kRNlE-8R0yjDBalMimi_m-VuUJrwpOi47wOJXWjhT6_6_ywg82oe21WMCvtKo2aUWr0Bc1T_gisokFv2w_8qYK01ZeMC-M6GqMufWQz10qIj6fIwWcbaAJfihbWJWBZgt_H8q4WMdKY/s320/matthewlesko021811.jpg" title="Matthew Lesko" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-unethical-advertising-38797">When is an advertisement not ethical? And when is it illegal?</a> There are some late night commercials that I've seen, that seem like <a href="http://mymoneywizard.com/5-hilariously-amusing-tv-scams/">obvious fraud</a>, and I wonder how they get away with it. The worst one, to me, is the money-making books sold by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Lesko">Matthew Lesko</a>. He looks a little bit like the Riddler in these ads (he has question marks all over his suit), and he has a snappy patter. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2jaJtj8FUM">Video Link</a></b> (I used to get him mixed up with <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vurt1xsPY5E">Mr. Six from the Magic Mountain commercials</a>. <b><--Video Link</b>) Lesko is selling books that he swears will help you get free money from the government. I've always wondered why that's not fraud. Apparently he was <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/13/nyregion/free-money-sure-heard-of-food-stamps.html">investigated in 2005</a>, but not prosecuted. He gets away with it because these are free government grants that are real, even though the people who buy the books may not be eligible for the grants. To me it's disgusting to try to sell something useless to people who are obviously desperate for money. Whether it's technically legal or not, it's definitely not ethical.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtVmySGLV4ccAIUKwvSZOfKlgC2DWrmjhdLKUhaXSvrdJ5CuhFdeYjkEhGxpe091-S8pDvb1uKPZvqI8RETXQT7Cl8PKPZ6aSLBe8SXO0Ihlk4vT0To39PhuPCVDH7u7O3BE8GDPuPbs/s1600/mlm.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="MLM chart" border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1500" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtVmySGLV4ccAIUKwvSZOfKlgC2DWrmjhdLKUhaXSvrdJ5CuhFdeYjkEhGxpe091-S8pDvb1uKPZvqI8RETXQT7Cl8PKPZ6aSLBe8SXO0Ihlk4vT0To39PhuPCVDH7u7O3BE8GDPuPbs/s400/mlm.png" title="MLM chart" width="400" /></a></div>
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We all know that pyramid schemes are illegal, but there is something called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-level_marketing">Multileval Marketing</a> (MLM) that is similar, and it's technically legal. Examples of MLM include <a href="http://www.amway.com/">Amway</a>, <a href="https://www.avon.com/">Avon</a>, <a href="http://herbalife/">Herbalife</a>, <a href="https://www.lularoe.com/">LulaRoe</a>, <a href="http://www.myitworks.com/">ItWorks</a>, and <a href="https://www.marykay.com/">Mary Kay</a>. The problem with MLM is that most people don't make much money on them. They are lured in to sell the products, but only the people at the top make very much money. <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/multilevel-marketing">The FTC warns people away from them</a>, yet the government still allows them to continue. <b><a href="https://youtu.be/s6MwGeOm8iI">Video Link</a></b><br />
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I've bought Avon products many times. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Kristachainavon/">I have an online friend who sells them</a>. She does make some money, but not all that much, and she is always doing something else to try to make more money. Like most scams, <a href="https://qz.com/1039331/mlms-like-avon-and-lularoe-are-sending-people-into-debt-and-psychological-crisis/">these companies prey on the poor, the gullible, and elderly</a>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidTNfrzdybIMn4WeH5T9OhE6bu65tTvndsQa-Elz3cVqFbmLXtCYXf-6_a4DWu2yJnH2qfyS2Am53OXt98rHPMjulIg8drMsryXPoUajHs_X5sAsbWTwQRR4ERO2DMKrtHr72CLpQhKHA/s1600/wolverinead.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Funny ad" border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="600" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidTNfrzdybIMn4WeH5T9OhE6bu65tTvndsQa-Elz3cVqFbmLXtCYXf-6_a4DWu2yJnH2qfyS2Am53OXt98rHPMjulIg8drMsryXPoUajHs_X5sAsbWTwQRR4ERO2DMKrtHr72CLpQhKHA/s400/wolverinead.jpg" title="Funny ad" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_advertising">Website or online advertising</a> has been around a long time. <a href="https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/history-of-online-advertising">At first, website ads were static banners</a>, but then <a href="http://www.internethistorypodcast.com/2014/10/the-webs-first-banner-ads/">they quickly became moving, or flashing</a> (animated GIFs), and everyone hated them. They were annoying and distracting. It's all been downhill from there. <a href="https://www.vieodesign.com/blog/new-data-why-people-hate-ads">Everyone hates ads</a>, yet <a href="https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/06/14/how-does-google-make-money-ads-ads-ads.aspx">companies make money on them</a>. Not all companies make money, and very few keep making lots of money with them. For one thing, <a href="https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/220101/four-of-five-american-consumers-ignore-online-ads.html">consumers have learned to ignore internet ads</a>, or <a href="https://www.marketingsherpa.com/article/chart/why-consumers-block-online-ads">block them</a>. In response, the <a href="https://www.nngroup.com/articles/most-hated-advertising-techniques/">ads get more and more intrusive</a>. I learned last semester that <a href="http://go.yumyumvideos.com/blog/why-millennials-love-online-video-content-and-why-you-should-focus-on-them-and-make-an-explainer-video">Millennials love sites with animated GIFS and videos the most</a>. I think we know why. They grew up watching all of these constant ads! The rest of us find those things annoying, unless we're specifically looking for them. (That's probably why younger people like them - anything to annoy the older generation).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVmREPXCw2ThG2mtlta04lHMBGYGpTHOZR_7HKo_Ch6yiabYRHmLVa9kNMqp450RAaxHGhq5mPld-WCFSVBRbaNtRRaYc_-5Avjj6sdSFyDeKFvYErN7ZofV9SwiFOeHqlIg4KB21I9W8/s1600/Misc_banner_annoying_scam.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="popup-ad satire" border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="691" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVmREPXCw2ThG2mtlta04lHMBGYGpTHOZR_7HKo_Ch6yiabYRHmLVa9kNMqp450RAaxHGhq5mPld-WCFSVBRbaNtRRaYc_-5Avjj6sdSFyDeKFvYErN7ZofV9SwiFOeHqlIg4KB21I9W8/s400/Misc_banner_annoying_scam.gif" title="popup-ad satire" width="400" /></a></div>
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I've had ads on <a href="http://tvmegasite.net/">my site</a> since the 90's. They used to pay pretty well, but they don't pay as well as they used to. Advertisers got wiser about how they spend their advertising money, no doubt. There are also a lot more websites than there used to be, which means more competition for everyone. My site used to make a lot of money on popunder ads. Now if I try to put up a new popup or popounder ad, Twitter puts me in <a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Out-of-Twitter-Jail">Twitter Jail</a>, or <a href="https://support.google.com/adwordspolicy/answer/6008942?hl=en">Google</a> blocks me from linking to my site or sends me a stern warning (or both). Only certain ads are allowed now if you don't want to anger these companies. The ads can't be too deceptive or else Google Ads will tell you that you can't host their ads. People say that popups are on their way out, yet I see more of them than ever, especially the kind that seem to <a href="https://instapage.com/blog/pop-up-ads">work despite my popup blockers</a>. I go to a site like <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/">Buzzfeed</a> and wonder how anyone can stand it because it appears to be nothing but ads. Some of the sites have ads that are in the way and you have to click on an X (or sometimes multiple X's in one page) to get rid of the ad (or video ad) so you can see the text. The reasons behind having such intrusive ads are sound: in order to get users to click on the ads, you really have to grab their attention, or you have to make them click on them accidentally. Either way means you get paid. Unless or until they come up with a better way to make money on the internet (for those of us who have content but don't sell a product), this will continue.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQk79Bk-DBNLgKZpSCswMnRWUk5-RX6MLQonqVveps8QuT5rF34lrNDM9tp1GNaCGRUieBUaIWxum9C_TzOsYGkpIAb5_E5X35cwxBhTBEdl1Fw_2GIJ2PV9Mh1Q1zdGcROi44v6mRtOo/s1600/directmarketing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Direct Marketing chart" border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="1592" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQk79Bk-DBNLgKZpSCswMnRWUk5-RX6MLQonqVveps8QuT5rF34lrNDM9tp1GNaCGRUieBUaIWxum9C_TzOsYGkpIAb5_E5X35cwxBhTBEdl1Fw_2GIJ2PV9Mh1Q1zdGcROi44v6mRtOo/s320/directmarketing.jpg" title="Direct Marketing chart" width="320" /></a></div>
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Another type of advertising is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_marketing">direct marketing</a>. Direct marketing is <a href="http://www.dmnews.com/email-marketing/biggest-spammers-marketers/article/270069/">frequently called spam</a>. You have regular "junk mail" that is often direct marketing, and then you have the spam emails, of course. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming">Spam is </a><span class="st" data-hveid="112" data-ved="0ahUKEwjuj7DswpXZAhVm9IMKHSxdAbkQ4EUIcDAN"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamming">also known as <i>unsolicited</i> bulk email</a> (UBE), junk mail, or <i>unsolicited</i> commercial email (UCE). That description, to me, is kind of amusing, because does anyone really want or ask for commercial emails? No, I don't think so. It's all "unsolicited." </span>And lastly, you have the annoying phone calls (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemarketing">telemarketers</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robocall">robocalls</a>). I get a lot of these on both my landline and my smartphone. It's gotten so bad that I rarely answer my phone unless I know the person calling. Everyone hates these, but again, <a href="https://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/telemarketer/salary">they do make money</a>. Besides the legal direct marketing, there are also many <a href="https://www.lifewire.com/top-internet-email-scams-2483614">scam artists</a>, liars, con men and frauds that pretend to be direct marketers but are really out to steal from you, like the old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance-fee_scam">Nigerian Prince</a> who wants you to send him money.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx0L0xnH_FuduS0pjU9E87PYjEym_nDWRtdHkOvaWqGrLbRP15poYmsS5aOw3oL_VwdSXYbUUBAGAZBAmJKMcknvJEN_W9QiKOIVxbXn6_eltjnKsXrQgjHkS6QRkIsxiig8XmPhZR2Ck/s1600/Nigerian-Prince.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Nigerian Prince comic strip joke" border="0" data-original-height="578" data-original-width="598" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx0L0xnH_FuduS0pjU9E87PYjEym_nDWRtdHkOvaWqGrLbRP15poYmsS5aOw3oL_VwdSXYbUUBAGAZBAmJKMcknvJEN_W9QiKOIVxbXn6_eltjnKsXrQgjHkS6QRkIsxiig8XmPhZR2Ck/s320/Nigerian-Prince.jpg" title="Nigerian Prince comic strip joke" width="320" /></a></div>
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Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-15052085578723354012018-02-01T09:05:00.000-08:002018-02-01T21:44:25.645-08:00Brief 2: Supermarket Tabloids<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_DnXGlzFxjzjnwil1ONif0y9Xkw0dSRTw1nZVxBgBDNsxyxOG_dAZi8BQdcTcvhOb9XBrDd1DsMb-MrynWUGaH2XLt1wZszDWZiJsufRYeV91iutWxb0J6Kg3c8UoiTQ2yr-MPSqDiw/s1600/tabloids.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Some of the tabloids" border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="630" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_DnXGlzFxjzjnwil1ONif0y9Xkw0dSRTw1nZVxBgBDNsxyxOG_dAZi8BQdcTcvhOb9XBrDd1DsMb-MrynWUGaH2XLt1wZszDWZiJsufRYeV91iutWxb0J6Kg3c8UoiTQ2yr-MPSqDiw/s320/tabloids.jpg" title="" width="320" /></a></div>
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I've always believed that the worst national U.S. tabloids are <a href="https://starmagazine.com/">Star</a>, the <a href="https://www.nationalenquirer.com/">National Enquirer</a>, and <a href="https://www.globemagazine.com/">Globe</a> (the very worst used to be <a href="http://weeklyworldnews.com/">Weekly World News</a>, before it folded in 2007 because,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekly_World_News"> as Wikipedia says</a>, it was "largely fictional". It was brought back as a website-only tabloid). There are some popular online tabloids such as <a href="http://www.tmz.com/">TMZ</a>, glossy magazine tabloids such as <a href="http://people.com/">People</a> or <a href="https://okmagazine.com/">OK!</a>, local tabloids such as <a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/">The NY Daily News</a>, or UK tabloids such as <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/">The Sun</a> and <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/index.html">Daily Mail</a>. There are tabloid TV shows such as <a href="http://www.insideedition.com/">Inside Edition</a> and <a href="http://www.etonline.com/">Entertainment Tonight</a>. One might even argue that the entire <a href="http://www.eonline.com/">E! Network</a> is a tabloid (and much of <a href="http://www.bravotv.com/">Bravo</a>). I'm just going to focus on the current U.S. newspaper tabloids.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNDstcrf3jUUZL7_W81DJKK4dTYW0EyKq3TyZO1GsdH7OKu1zj8kWXdgxEVg6Z8unUBLT3Vo3ugkjRwMfHFQy-qSQz5RJSdakT95OTZqzdKVi0bnYX6YXnSvf79_XwBJAh1mVNdLblAb8/s1600/enquirer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="National Enquirer cover" border="0" data-original-height="1499" data-original-width="1296" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNDstcrf3jUUZL7_W81DJKK4dTYW0EyKq3TyZO1GsdH7OKu1zj8kWXdgxEVg6Z8unUBLT3Vo3ugkjRwMfHFQy-qSQz5RJSdakT95OTZqzdKVi0bnYX6YXnSvf79_XwBJAh1mVNdLblAb8/s320/enquirer.jpg" title="" width="276" /></a></div>
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Over the years, the National Enquirer had some <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/printing-the-truth-hasnt-kept-readership-from-fleeing-the-national-enquirer/">real stories</a> that sounded sensational but <a href="https://www.ranker.com/list/national-enquirer-real-news/evan-lambert">turned out to be true</a>, such as Gary Hart's affairs and Bob Dole's drug use. The bulk of their stories, however, focus on dubious rumors and scandals. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_(magazine)">STAR</a> is very similar to the Enquirer; it was founded by mogul Rupert Murdoch to rival the Enquirer, but now it's owned by the same company, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Media,_Inc.">American Media</a>. STAR focuses more on celebrities than National Enquirer. Globe is also owned by American Media. They also owned the tabloids SUN and Weekly World News. STAR has the most circulation of all of the tabloids, followed by the Enquirer. They now also own the glossy tabloid <a href="https://www.usmagazine.com/">US Weekly</a> and the small glossy magazine <a href="https://www.soapoperadigest.com/">Soap Opera Digest</a> (which I've subscribed to since the 1980's), along with many lifestyle and fitness magazines.<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_journalism">According to Wikipedia</a>, "Tabloid journalism is a style of journalism that emphasizes sensational crime stories, gossip columns about celebrities and sports stars, junk food news and astrology." The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Enquirer">National Enquirer</a> is the oldest one, having been founded in 1926. Unlike the mainstream press, they pay sources for tips. It's still a newspaper tabloid, not a glossy publication, which has hurt its circulation. Glossy magazines like People and OK! are more popular (Perhaps this is why <a href="http://www.chron.com/business/article/Star-makeover-Tabloid-creates-glossy-new-image-1959386.php">STAR Magazine went glossy</a> in the early part of this century). The Enquirer started out as a right-wing newspaper in New York, but it became a sensationalist tabloid in the 1950's. It went national in 1957 and focused on national celebrities and gory scandals, increasing the circulation. They started selling it in supermarkets in the 1960's, dropping the gory stories and broadening the appeal to focus more on celebrities, the occult and UFOs. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/06/26/why-the-national-enquirer-loves-trump-and-why-that-matters/?utm_term=.42aab34f0e68">David J. Pecker, Chairman and CEO of American Media, is a good friend of Donald Trump</a>. The Enquirer is very favorable to Trump, and the Enquirer readers are fans of Trump. <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/07/03/the-national-enquirers-fervor-for-trump">The tabloid is not too kind to people viewed as Trump's enemies.</a><br />
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All of the tabloids have been sued quite a few times for their stories. As I learned last semester in my class, Introduction to Mass Media, in the book "<a href="https://smile.amazon.com/Media-Impact-Introduction-Cengage-Communication/dp/1305580982/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1517544253&sr=8-1&keywords=mass+media+shirley#reader_1305580982">Media Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media</a>" by Shirley Biagi (Chapter 14), libel lawsuits are very difficult to win. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/04/news/how-the-supermarket-tabloids-stay-out-of-court.html">The tabloids spend a lot of money on fighting them.</a> Even if the celebrity wins, they rarely get much money from it because the appeals courts bring down their settlements later on. All of these tabloids spread a lot of gossip and rumors about celebrities. In short, they make up a lot of stories. Even so, ever since<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/27/us/carol-burnett-given-1.6-million-in-suit-against-national-enquirer.html"> Carol Burnett won her libel suit against the National Enquirer in the 1980's</a>, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/08/tabloid-law/377722/">American Media has lawyers working in their offices that look over every story before it's published</a> (which is not the case with regular newspapers and magazines). <a href="https://www.ranker.com/list/tricks-tabloids-use-to-not-get-sued/elle-tharp">They find ways to get around the libel laws.</a><br />
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Personally, I'm too busy to read about celebrities, in general, but I especially detest tabloids because they're generally not true. I don't know why I would bother to read something that's probably fake. To me, it's just a waste of time. It's trash. I think <a href="http://www.medicaldaily.com/rumor-has-it-science-behind-why-we-love-celebrity-gossip-and-tabloid-magazines-362710">a lot of people believe that they're trash, but some people enjoy reading it, nonetheless</a>. I would rather watch or read a good piece of fiction that's well-written and has good acting, than waste my time on either tabloids or reality shows. I like a lot of celebrities, but I want to see their work, not read about their personal lives.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghKNobRndowLwJg9I0UBouhFQZRvM3F57Yy9ijdOcvzijeKEWAVu8JfcohGk0h1yliLg5Zx-hXLBmZueXoPXlzAlN0JvH4XX_Dp_IVp-8_sNNImJ9xcKFU9g21qkZJsKbLwO7ab0iTgac/s1600/yellowkid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The Yellow Kid" border="0" data-original-height="317" data-original-width="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghKNobRndowLwJg9I0UBouhFQZRvM3F57Yy9ijdOcvzijeKEWAVu8JfcohGk0h1yliLg5Zx-hXLBmZueXoPXlzAlN0JvH4XX_Dp_IVp-8_sNNImJ9xcKFU9g21qkZJsKbLwO7ab0iTgac/s1600/yellowkid.jpg" title="" /></a></div>
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Tabloid journalism is also called "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism">yellow journalism</a>" (after the old comic strip "The Yellow Kid" that was published in tabloid newspapers in the 1800's). Globe always seems (to me) to be the meanest of the tabloids when it discusses celebrities. They focus on who's ill, or outing who might be gay. They also use the most unflattering photos they can find. <a href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12810072">This very long article</a> tells what it's like to write for Globe. It sounds like they all just try to find some way to write about celebrities, to keep their jobs. They dig up a lot of dirt on the celebrities in whatever way they can.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh1ATHYu8iqbKWDb7W44m7W1BSQHAMg3fIrTK74rj8SZKW_EWvWv4OJQJe3-_42sAI1CM2rhOCY2fEN4SLxoA9CEW3uXmvpSArrXXEWLf09ts7EosH87Tu8VX42ui2zsr8kdw82dhUZ0Q/s1600/globe.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Globe cover" border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh1ATHYu8iqbKWDb7W44m7W1BSQHAMg3fIrTK74rj8SZKW_EWvWv4OJQJe3-_42sAI1CM2rhOCY2fEN4SLxoA9CEW3uXmvpSArrXXEWLf09ts7EosH87Tu8VX42ui2zsr8kdw82dhUZ0Q/s1600/globe.png" title="" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-koretzky/working-at-the-emnational_b_636245.html">According to a former reporter for The National Enquirer</a>, each of the American Media tabloids has its own audience. STAR is aimed at young women in their 20's. The Enquirer's audience is made up of older people with money who like politics. The National Examiner (another of their tabloids) and Globe "are geared to middle-aged conservative women." The Examiner's cover looks much like the other tabloids, with mostly photos, and sensational headlines. It's for older people, so a lot of the stories focus on long-dead celebrities and scandals, like Elvis, Marilyn and JFK. Unlike the other tabloids, it has no website. It's also the least expensive and smallest of all of the tabloids. These facts tell me that its audience is probably poor and lower-middle-class older people.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWROAHtABmi4-qVevzOTlwPAN4tKM4WK0-1MH3V_tzoJXPf8IR1KDHRWBHTs8uTkMkXQZfwBvmACqDybg8N-UEgXr_ASt1m8say5K4sgGHm6yhoYE1sf2IVK1bKql4m3rEIbypw_rAsdA/s1600/star.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="489" data-original-width="1086" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWROAHtABmi4-qVevzOTlwPAN4tKM4WK0-1MH3V_tzoJXPf8IR1KDHRWBHTs8uTkMkXQZfwBvmACqDybg8N-UEgXr_ASt1m8say5K4sgGHm6yhoYE1sf2IVK1bKql4m3rEIbypw_rAsdA/s320/star.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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The tabloids do <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-dantoni/how-to-make-up-stories-fo_b_11790.html">make up some stories</a>, but the rest they get from other publications. They spend a lot of time reading other newspapers, magazines and websites to get information. They pursue celebrity stories doggedly, just as the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/">Washington Post</a> or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/">New York Times</a> do their more important stories. After they're written, and examined by lawyers, they're edited and re-examined several times before publication. A lot of work goes into this successful business. Although magazines and newspapers don't sell the way they used to, American Media's tabloids and men's health magazine still sell well (probably due to their supermarket placement) <a href="https://www.americanmediainc.com/press-release/american-media-inc-successfully-completes-first-lien-notes-reduction">with over 2 million readers, and over 350 million monthly pageviews on their websites.</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjskzFJprVimM3eaucw1Onqmic7OJt9T-t5ygWXbYb7lYiqAF_UCfwAEh8W53BTSrS0LN-LAZBVO8M1I0fRGNLW7N0HYwRHLewss59B1EvZN7gp-McUJ_an4awTgyytOjj2Mgx2D8BUBJk/s1600/wwn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="279" data-original-width="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjskzFJprVimM3eaucw1Onqmic7OJt9T-t5ygWXbYb7lYiqAF_UCfwAEh8W53BTSrS0LN-LAZBVO8M1I0fRGNLW7N0HYwRHLewss59B1EvZN7gp-McUJ_an4awTgyytOjj2Mgx2D8BUBJk/s1600/wwn.jpg" /></a></div>
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The public loves to read sensational stories about the rich and famous. <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201305/who-watches-reality-shows-and-why">Much like reality shows</a>, they offer an exaggerated glimpse of exciting lives not their own. They get to see drama, and secrets, without a lot of effort. People always love gossip, drama and scandal, which makes sense, when you think about the fact that all stories (whether we're talking about books, plays, movies, TV et al.) are centered around a conflict of some sort. Fiction is one thing. We're taught that lying and exaggerating are sins when we're small children; mass media classes teach us about ethics in journalism. Yet the tabloids get away with making up and sensationalizing stories. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/20/opinion/20linkof.html">This Op-ed piece</a>
in the New York Times thinks that the tabloids serve some usefulness.
In short, "They exist to break down the barriers of access that keep social elites
at a remove from ordinary people." <br />
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<a href="http://www.wisdompills.com/2016/01/13/people-love-tabloids-says-human-psychology/">Psychologists have studied the tabloids</a> and theorized that people enjoy them for these reasons. 1) Survival Instincts (we're fascinated by horror because we want to make sure that we're safe from them); 2) Respect to Hierarchy (We're obsessed with celebrities because we want to be more like them and move up the social ladder); 3) Shattering our Ideals (we have a rosy view of the world, so we're drawn to shocking news that grabs our attention; or 4) A Threat to Democracy (horrifying news stories may challenge our sense of democracy). They may be over-thinking this. I think that it's just the drama that entertains the readers. It's what makes shows like "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" and "Criminal Minds" attractive to some viewers. Why do we like sordid or lurid stories? Probably because we all have violent and aggressive thoughts, but we don't act on them. <a href="https://www.williamlanday.com/2011/05/09/why-are-we-attracted-to-crime-stories/">We watch or read stories like this instead of acting on them</a>. Tabloids do their best to fill that need, and they rake in the money for their stories.Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705763023022053173.post-86188026226619967172018-01-10T23:51:00.000-08:002018-01-23T10:12:59.150-08:00Brief 1: Bias in Cable Television NewsMy name is <a href="http://suzann.com/">Suzanne</a>. This is my new blog for my Media Law and Ethics class. Be
sure to visit my <a href="http://suzann.com/me/chronicles.shtml">
personal
blog</a>! I try to write in it every day, and I post it once a week.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZKZK0oBh53BgpDBwQg5eYwjmDhZfaTSrl_rXvmI_KjtBA82djWdoviCqaqfLcLNyi-Pi7r0zir7c8JL0Iz9CcJTMGxhHT42ssXwxtww-KuutrTQU6GRWDMDWOJ5Mq9en1Z8ym7SyaLkA/s1600/cronkite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="323" data-original-width="600" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZKZK0oBh53BgpDBwQg5eYwjmDhZfaTSrl_rXvmI_KjtBA82djWdoviCqaqfLcLNyi-Pi7r0zir7c8JL0Iz9CcJTMGxhHT42ssXwxtww-KuutrTQU6GRWDMDWOJ5Mq9en1Z8ym7SyaLkA/s320/cronkite.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Back in the 60’s and 70’s, when I was growing up, there was
no cable news. There was barely any cable TV, for that matter. Led by journalists such as Walter Cronkite and David Brinkley, the TV news had the reputation as being truthful and ethical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fi1KpGZlpc8">Video Link</a></b> </span>Most of the TV news reporters got their start
in newspapers or radio journalism. The 70’s saw the growth of TV’s influence,
and there were more “talking heads” in TV news (as they made fun of with Ted
Baxter on “The Mary Tyler Moore Show”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gl3o7Tc9xiI">Video Link</a></b>
</span>Once the TV news stations started hiring image consultants and making
their news anchors commenting and making jokes to each other, then news became
more like entertainment. <b><a href="https://www.thebalance.com/a-look-at-tv-news-history-over-the-past-50-years-2315217">Source</a></b><br />
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There were no TV news scandals back in those days. They had
TV scandals, political scandals, music scandals and other entertainment
scandals, but the news was revered for its honesty and lack of corruption. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLTkE07RqHA">Video Link</a></b></div>
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By and large, most journalists are very ethical and just
looking for the truth. However, the blurring of lines between news and
entertainment has created TV news personalities that will say or do anything
just for good ratings or more fans. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5hNrUzzwfE">Video Link</a> </b><a href="https://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp"><b>Source</b> </a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCrs3Vjec8bKU4XJx_EoT0AoyzS9tInOYcxSIPUF16tJaL4n2lArNa9oOAxgWPh-lhH347T6vxpM11zjtnjuONeoqgvE8DcE46JCwHVxA2S_TmuVKaKLqc4LTRdmO81IjGAcz5UsD1LM/s1600/48hourslogo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="550" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnCrs3Vjec8bKU4XJx_EoT0AoyzS9tInOYcxSIPUF16tJaL4n2lArNa9oOAxgWPh-lhH347T6vxpM11zjtnjuONeoqgvE8DcE46JCwHVxA2S_TmuVKaKLqc4LTRdmO81IjGAcz5UsD1LM/s320/48hourslogo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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In the 80’s, newsmagazines like 48 Hours came about,
creating some of these TV news personalities and focusing on sensational crime
cases. <b><a href="http://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/a-brief-history-of-the-tv-newsmagazine/93529">Source</a></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 90’s, the growth of cable news
stations brought many more, such as Lou Dobbs, Sean Hannity, Bill O’Reilly,
Tucker Carlson, Glenn Beck, Joe Scarborough, Keith Olbermann, Rachel Maddow,
Chris Matthews, Geraldo Rivera, Nancy Grace, and Hota Kotb. A lot of these
people got their start in sports, business or entertainment, not journalism. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7Zb8NbiDT0">Video Link</a></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw8lbSzc5SHvcFIVBek6d3NiIwMVCgug_QDMEkFeXaYkUYEcGyt-_oaisDMom-1u7aaKg0RGnF2S6ju7YarFrRw-UySxc2fnMx96Pnci9YC-xHRazoARDj_PXGInlKse4BkrAdg7FbwLA/s1600/hannity.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="600" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw8lbSzc5SHvcFIVBek6d3NiIwMVCgug_QDMEkFeXaYkUYEcGyt-_oaisDMom-1u7aaKg0RGnF2S6ju7YarFrRw-UySxc2fnMx96Pnci9YC-xHRazoARDj_PXGInlKse4BkrAdg7FbwLA/s320/hannity.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Most cable news networks pretend that their news is still
fair, balanced, ethical and honest, but the shows are laden with lots of
political opinion or other types of opinion shows that are not hard news based
on fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most trusted (and most
factual) TV news can be found on the BBC (or BBC America in the U.S.) and PBS
(or NPR on radio), followed by the broadcast news stations ABC, CBS and NBC;
then CNN.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other cable news stations
are a lot more biased in one direction or another. <b><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/most-and-least-trusted-news-outlets-in-america-2017-3">Source</a></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you watch these cable news
channels, it’s often hard to tell which parts are fact and which are
opinion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike a newspaper, which
clearly labels one section as “opinion,” the cable news mixes it all together,
leaving the viewer to wonder what to believe. Of course, if a lot of your program is opinion-based, rather than fact-based, it's going to have bias. <b><a href="http://drc.centerfornewsliteracy.org/content/disadvantages-tv-news">Video and Story Link</a></b> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBIvqGyMNwaGuuNWKMecqYMOW7sViSIW8GvDG_jl7Mzek1lhbPK4YMy4fcYDfxaZ7f3t2DcLtIzxQ6t5aV2lsOEn7njsygLuMXCQCbLroQLWXr8tFZbp_gmx4bN_dZIFZg75tFiz-xZZ4/s1600/maddow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="400" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBIvqGyMNwaGuuNWKMecqYMOW7sViSIW8GvDG_jl7Mzek1lhbPK4YMy4fcYDfxaZ7f3t2DcLtIzxQ6t5aV2lsOEn7njsygLuMXCQCbLroQLWXr8tFZbp_gmx4bN_dZIFZg75tFiz-xZZ4/s320/maddow.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Cable news networks such as FOX and MSNBC pander to their
respective right-wing and left-wing audiences. Many viewers live in a sort of
ideological bubble where they share the same viewpoints as the shows they
watch, the churches they go to, the people they’re friends with, their
neighbors, etc. They don’t interact with people outside of that bubble, even on
social media, because they block or unfriend anyone who disagrees with them. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_k_k-bHigM">Video Link</a> <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/01/america-bubbles/514385/">Source</a></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbnogGrZWwq3IUjcOr_7gU-oXfbp2jl51FMqI8y8io4E0F5RtpSNqJELNmRBvUezis1FR3a_9x8J3qYirRkyjoZki8uRiTfnCMF1eBHZvqDybvpzIu8N0YSxnLboFTb40W2PY0tG-Uf5I/s1600/trump.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="600" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbnogGrZWwq3IUjcOr_7gU-oXfbp2jl51FMqI8y8io4E0F5RtpSNqJELNmRBvUezis1FR3a_9x8J3qYirRkyjoZki8uRiTfnCMF1eBHZvqDybvpzIu8N0YSxnLboFTb40W2PY0tG-Uf5I/s320/trump.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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It could be dangerous when the president of the United
States only watches one news station – the one that agrees with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He should be watching (and reading) all
different viewpoints to get a better perspective. This is why he calls other
news sources “fake news.” <b><a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2018/01/12/a-cable-news-diet-is-far-from-a-balanced-one/">Source</a></b>
Quite a few columnists have pointed out that the president’s behavior is
similar to that of a dictator; listening only to his own side of things,
especially on TV news, and criticizing the rest, is one facet of dictators. <b><a href="http://thehill.com/homenews/359543-bill-clinton-compares-trumps-fake-news-rhetoric-to-dictators-club-tactics">Source</a></b>
Another facet is turning the public against journalists. <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYMIgnw2FPU">Video Link</a> <a href="https://www.poynter.org/news/half-america-thinks-were-making-it">Source</a></b> Investigating his enemies, demonizing minorities, and using nepotism are other traits that the president shares with dictators (just to name a few). <b><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-behavior-similar-to-modern-dictators-erdogan-2017-12">Source</a></b></div>
Suzanne Lanouehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16942981205465546079noreply@blogger.com0